Testosterone (also known as testosterone, testosterone or testosterone) is a steroid hormone secreted by the male testis or female ovaries. The adrenal gland also secretes a small amount of testosterone, which maintains muscle strength and quality, maintains bone density and strength, and refreshes And enhance physical fitness and so on.
Testosterone white crystalline powder, odorless. Mp 155 ° C, specific optical rotation [α] 24 D + 109 ° (4%, ethanol), ethanol solution has maximum absorption at 240 nm wavelength. Soluble in ethanol (1:5) and chloroform (1:2), soluble in ether (1:100), insoluble in water. LD50 (rat, vein) 326 mg/kg. The molecular formula is C19H28O2, the molecular weight is 288.42400, the density is 1.12 g/cm3, the melting point is 152-156 °C, and the boiling point is 432.9oC at 760mmHg.
Testosterone is a cytoskeletal protein with a small molecular weight that interacts with other cytoskeletal proteins. [1]
Testosterone is a secretory glycoprotein originally identified from mouse testicular support cell enrichment media and binds tightly to the cell surface via a receptor binding protein.
Pharmacological action
This product is a natural androgen, clinical use of its propionate, commonly known as testosterone propionate. A variety of pure and effective sex hormones that can be extracted from male urine are secreted by Leydig cells, collectively known as androgens, the most important of which is testosterone. The testis is not the only organ that secretes testosterone. The adrenal cortex and the female ovaries also have a small amount of secretion. Although testosterone is easily absorbed after oral administration, it is quickly destroyed by the liver and does not exert any pharmacodynamic effects. The androgens currently used in clinical practice are synthetic products. In addition to the role of androgen, testosterone also has a significant role in promoting protein synthesis, also known as assimilation. In modern times, some of the derivatives of testosterone derivatives have been found to have greatly reduced androgenic activity, while assimilation remains as it is. In order to distinguish it from true testosterone, these assimilated testosterone is called anabolic hormone. The pharmacology of inductive testosterone has the following effects: 1. Promote and maintain male secondary sexual characteristics. 2. Restore and maintain a positive nitrogen balance. 3. It can reduce the excretion of chlorine, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sodium by men and some women. 4. Stimulate the growth of bones, skeletal muscles, hair and skin. 5. Increase red blood cell production and promote blood vessel formation and skin darkening. 6. Large doses can inhibit the secretion of male gonadotropins. 7. It can antagonize the effects of excessive estrogen on female breast and endometrium. [3]
Pharmacokinetics
This product can be absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract, skin and oral mucosa, but after oral administration through a wide range of intrahepatic first pass metabolism, it is often administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly, or transdermally. Only 80% of this product binds to sex hormone binding globulin in plasma, and can also bind to other proteins, only 2% of unbound. The plasma t1/2 is 10 to 100 min. This product is first oxidatively metabolized into androstenedione in the liver, followed by the very active androgen and the present cholesteryl ketone, but in combination with glucuronic acid and sulfuric acid, it is excreted in the urine. About 6% of the original drug is recirculated through the intestines and discharged with the feces. This product can be metabolized into more active dihydroketone testosterone and estrogen in some target tissues. The ester compound of this product has low polarity, and its oil is absorbed slowly after intramuscular injection, and is hydrolyzed into testosterone after absorption to produce an effect. [3]
Indication
Used in a variety of male sex hormone deficiency conditions cryptorchidism, hypogonadism, impotence and male menopause.
1 to 5 years after menopause, breast cancer patients who are not suitable for surgery and have an effect on androgen are used as conservative treatment.
Aplastic anemia and osteoporosis in older men.
For women with menopausal syndrome, menorrhagia and functional uterine bleeding.
Correcting the loss of protein caused by burn-induced diseases, extensive surgery and long-term inactivity, prolonging the stability of such patients
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