PROTOPINE HYDROCHLORIDE

Protopine is an alkaloid found in Berberidaceae, Ranunculaceae, Rutaceae, Fumariaceae, and Papaveraceae with diverse biological activities. It inhibits platelet aggregation induced by ADP, arachidonic acid (Item Nos. 90010 | 90010.1 | 10006607), platelet-activating factor (PAF), and collagen in rabbit platelet-rich plasma at a concentration of 100 μM. Protopine inhibits contraction of isolated rat thoracic aorta induced by norepinephrine and is a non-selective inhibitor of I_Ca, I_K, I_K1, and I_Na in guinea pig ventricular myocytes. Protopine inhibits the growth of H. pylori with an MIC₅₀ value of 100 μg/ml. It reduces growth of PC3 and DU145 prostate cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner via induction of mitotic cell cycle arrest. Protopine (0.005 mg/kg) increases latency to first seizure in a mouse model induced by pentylenetetrazole .

Protopine hydrochloride may be used in the calibration curve preparation for the quantification of alkaloids from Fumaria capreolata using liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detection and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-DAD-MS) and tandem mass spectrometry(MS/MS). It may also be used as an alkaloid in cytotoxicity and permeability studies carcinogenic cell lines.

Protopine is a celandine alkaloid and a bioactive compound associated with the plant families including fumariaceae, berberidaceaeand papaveraceae. It is metabolized by demethylenation in the presence of the cytochrome enzymes cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily d polypeptide 1 (CYP2D1) and cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily c polypeptide 11 (CYP2C11).

Protopine possesses anti-parasitic, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory property. It mediates mitotic arrest by favoring tubulin polymerization. Protopine elicits anti-invasive effects in breast cancer tumor progression.. It also provides protection against oxidative stress-induced cell death.

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