(+)-BICUCULLINE METHOCHLORIDE

Product Name(+)-BICUCULLINE METHOCHLORIDE
CAS38641-83-7
MFC21H20NO6.Cl
MW417.843
EINECS
MOL File38641-83-7.mol

Chemical Properties

storage temp.	2-8°C
solubility	H2O: >10mg/mL
form	powder
color	Green
Water Solubility	Soluble in water (100mM)
InChIKey	RLJKFAMYSYWMND-GRTNUQQKSA-M
SMILES	[Cl-].C[N+]1(C)CCc2cc3OCOc3cc2[C@H]1[C@@H]4OC(=O)c5c6OCOc6ccc45

Safety Information

Safety Statements	24/25
RIDADR	UN 1544 6.1/PG 2
WGK Germany	3
Storage Class	6.1C - Combustible acute toxic Cat.3 toxic compounds or compounds which causing chronic effects

Usage And Synthesis

Uses

Bicuculline ((+)-Bicuculline; d-Bicuculline) methochloride is a selective GABAA receptor antagonist with an IC50 value of 3 μM. Bicuculline methochloride induces clonic tonic convulsions in mammals and can also be used to block Ca2+ activated potassium channels. Bicuculline methochloride can be used in studies of epilepsy and other related psychiatric disorders[1][2].

Biochem/physiol Actions

1(S),9(R)-()-Bicuculline methchloride is a GABAA receptor antagonist, which blocks Ca2+-activated potassium (SK) channels.

in vivo

Bicuculline methochloride can be used in animal modeling to create epilepsy models. Intracerebral injection of Bicuculline methochloride causes an increase in capillary blood flow in the epileptic focus (the specific region where seizures originate), with local blood flow increasing to 42.5 red blood cells per second (compared to 27.8 red blood cells per second in areas away from the epileptic focus)^[5].

Induction of epilepsy^[5]

Background

Epileptic seizures are closely related to the imbalance between neuronal excitability and inhibition, leading to abnormal neuronal discharges. Bicuculline methochloride is a GABA_A receptor (GABAA receptor) antagonist that can inhibit inhibitory neurotransmission, induce excitatory neuronal activity, and cause population bursts (indicating that a large number of neurons fire action potentials simultaneously), thereby inducing epileptic seizures^[5].

Specific Modeling Methods

Mice: C57BL6 male and female 20-30 g
Administration: 2.5 mM Intracranial Injection (deep layers of the somatosensory cortex) single dose

Note

(1) Dissolve 2.5 mM bicuculline methochloride in physiological saline.
(2) Inject bicuculline methochloride by inserting a glass micropipette with a diameter of 20-50 μm into the deep layers of the mouse somatosensory cortex.
(3) Surgical operation precautions:
a. Fix an insulated metallic head frame above the planned craniotomy area, and make a craniotomy with a diameter of approximately 3 mm over the mouse somatosensory cortex, removing the dura mater to expose the brain tissue.
b. Gently rinse the exposed area with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (composition of artificial cerebrospinal fluid: 125 mM NaCl, 3 mM KCl, 26 mM NaHCO₃, 10 mM glucose, 1.1 mM NaH₂PO₄, 2 mM CaCl₂, 1 mM MgSO₄) to maintain the physiological environment of the brain tissue.
c. Cover the craniotomy with a phosphate-buffered saline solution containing 1% agarose (pH 7.4) and place a glass coverslip on the metal frame to protect the exposed brain tissue.

Modeling Indicators

Electrophysiological changes: A large number of neurons in the deep layers of the mouse somatosensory cortex fire electrical signals simultaneously, producing electrical signals characterized by interictal spikes (Note: Interictal Spikes (IISs) refer to the brief, high-amplitude voltage deflections observed in the electroencephalogram (EEG), which are typically associated with epileptic seizures).
Blood flow changes: In the somatosensory cortex of mice injected with bicuculline methochloride, capillary blood flow significantly increases.

Correlated Product(s): /

Opposite Product(s): /

storage

Room temperature

References

[1] Y Yajima, et al. Effects of differential modulation of mu-, delta- and kappa-opioid systems on bicuculline-induced convulsions in the mouse. Brain Res. 2000 Apr 17;862(1-2):120-6. DOI:10.1016/s0006-8993(00)02096-5
[2] W A Turski, et al. Excitatory amino acid antagonists protect mice against seizures induced by bicuculline. Brain Res. 1990 Apr 23;514(1):131-4. DOI:10.1016/0006-8993(90)90444-g
[3] Huang SH, et al. Bilobalide, a sesquiterpene trilactone from Ginkgo biloba, is an antagonist at recombinant alpha1beta2gamma2L GABA(A) receptors. Eur J Pharmacol. 2003;464(1):1-8. DOI:10.1016/s0014-2999(03)01344-x
[4] Khawaled R, et al. Bicuculline block of small-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels. Pflugers Arch. 1999 Aug;438(3):314-21. DOI:10.1007/s004240050915
[5] Hirase H, et al. Capillary level imaging of local cerebral blood flow in bicuculline-induced epileptic foci. Neuroscience. 2004;128(1):209-16. DOI:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.07.002

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