10-Gingerol is a phenol that has been found in Z. officinale and has diverse biological activities. It scavenges DPPH , superoxide, and hydroxyl radicals in cell-free assays (IC50s = 10.47, 1.68, and 1.35 μM, respectively) and inhibits oxidative burst induced by N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP; ) in isolated human polymorphonuclear (PMN) neutrophils when used at a concentration of 6 μM. 10-Gingerol inhibits NETosis and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by LPS or lupus-relevant stimuli, including ribonucleoprotein-containing immune complexes and anti-phospholipid antibodies, in isolated human neutrophils. It is active against M. avium and M. tuberculosis (MICs = 25 and 50 μg/ml, respectively). 10-Gingerol (200 μM) is also cytotoxic to human MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 and murine 4T1 and EO771 mammary carcinoma cells.
