Etifoxine is an anxiolytic anticonvulsant, which promotes axonal regeneration. It binds to β2 and β3 subunits of the GABAA receptor complex, a different target site to benzodiazepines, and binds to the translocator protein (18 kDa) TSPO, formerly known as the peripheral or mitochondrial benzodiazepine receptor. TSPO carries cholesterol from the outer to the inner mitochondrial membrane, which is the rate-limiting step of steroidogenesis. Whereas, its anxiolytic effects involve GABAA receptors and TSPO, etifoxine′s neuroregenerative effects mainly involve TSPO.