1. 5-Bromo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine (5.0 g, 25.0 mmol, 1.0 eq.) and zinc cyanide (3.6 g, 20.0 mmol, 0.8 eq.) were dissolved in anhydrous DMF (65 mL) and deoxygenated for 30 min under argon protection.
2. tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (1.7 g, 1.5 mmol, 0.06 eq.) was added and the reaction mixture was heated at 80 °C for 36 hours.
3. After completion of the reaction, the reaction was quenched with water and extracted with ethyl acetate (EtOAc).
4. The organic layers were combined, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) and concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure.
5. The residue was treated with a small amount of dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) and the precipitate was collected by filtration.
6. The precipitate was washed with dichloromethane and dried over air to give 1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-5-carbonitrile (Intermediate 2a) as a white solid (3.0 g; yield: 83%; UPLC purity: 100%).