Ginsenoside Rd

Ginsenosides are pharmacologically active natural constituents of ginseng and other plants of the genus Panax. Structurally, they are steroid glycosides derived from the triterpene squalene. Ginsenoside Rd is a protopanaxadiol which is more abundant in some Panax species (e.g., P. quinquefolium) than others. This ginsenoside has diverse in vitro and in vivo effects, including cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory actions. Notably, ginsenoside Rd is converted to other ginsenosides in response to steaming or heating plant materials, leading to loss of these activities.

White to off-white crystals powder

Ginsenoside RD has been shown to attenuate tau protein phosphorylation via the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β pathway after forebrain ischemia. This could be used to counter the risk of developing post-stroke dementia.

ChEBI: Ginsenoside Rd is a ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng and Panax japonicus var. major that is (20S)-ginsenoside Rg3 in which the hydroxy group at position 20 has been converted to its beta-D-glucopyranoside. It has a role as a vulnerary, a neuroprotective agent, an apoptosis inducer, an anti-inflammatory drug, an immunosuppressive agent and a plant metabolite. It is a ginsenoside, a beta-D-glucoside and a tetracyclic triterpenoid. It is functionally related to a (20S)-ginsenoside Rg3.

NF-κB: 12.05 μM (IC₅₀, in HepG2 cells); COX-2; L-type calcium channel; CYP2D6: 58 μM (IC₅₀); CYP1A2: 78.4 μM (IC₅₀); CYP3A4: 81.7 μM (IC₅₀); CYP2C9: 85.1 μM (IC₅₀)

[1] CHIEH-FU CHEN  Jun tian Z  Wen fei Chiou. Comparison of the pharmacological effects of Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolium[J]. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, 2008, 29 9: 1103-1108. DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7254.2008.00868.x
[2] YANG WANG. Ginsenoside Rd attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury via Akt/GSK-3β signaling and inhibition of the mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway.[J]. PLoS ONE, 2013: e70956. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070956
[3] X. LIU. Ginsenoside-Rd improves outcome of acute ischaemic stroke – a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial[J]. European Journal of Neurology, 2012, 19 6: 855-863. DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2011.03634.x
[4] SEOK BEAN SONG. Inhibition of TNF-α-mediated NF-κB Transcriptional Activity in HepG2 Cells by Dammarane-type Saponins from Panax ginseng Leaves.[J]. Journal of Ginseng Research, 2012, 36 2: 146-152. DOI: 10.5142/jgr.2012.36.2.146