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용도
향료의 주원료로 쓰여 전자담배의 액상에도 들어가고, 식품 첨가물로써도 제한적으로 들어간다. 스프라이트와 조지아가 프로판디올을 함유한 대표적인 식품. 자동차용 부동액에도 들어가는데, 그 특유의 달크름한 향이 바로 이 프로필렌글리콜이다.
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용도
색소, 정유, 수지를 녹여 다시 물에 혼합하는 용매로 이용하며, 수용액은 부동액으로 이용된다. 빵의 신전제 및 보습제와 쇼트닝의 신전제로 사용되며, 식품 및 셀로판, 코르크의 유연제로 사용된다. 또한 유화향료의 유화안정제, 방부제, 공기의 살균 등에 쓰이고 바닐라 콩 등의 천연플래버의 추출에도 사용한다.
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용도
1) 용제, 부동액, 저온용 윤활유, 살균제(훈증제) 등으로서 이용되며 또 폴리에스테르 수지, 가소제 등의 제조에 이용된다.
2) 의약용으로서는 제2차 세계 대전 중 글리세롤 부족시 그 대용품으로서 등장하였으나, 용해력은 글리세롤보다 우수하고 또 곰팡이의 생장을 방지하며 발효를 받지 않는 점에서도 우수하다는 것이 인정되었다. 수성 교제혹은 물에 잘 녹지 않는 물질의 주사용 용제로서 이용된다.
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순도시험
(1) 비중 : 이 품목의 비중은 1.036～1.040 이하이어야 한다.
(2) 비점 : 이 품목의 비점은 185～189℃이어야 한다.
(3) 유리산 : 물 50mL에 페놀프탈레인시액 1mL를 가하여 이에 30초간 지속하는 홍색을 나타낼 때까지 0.01N 수산화나트륨용액을 가하고, 이에 이 품목 10mL를 가하여 섞고 다시 0.1N 수산화나트륨용액 0.2mL를 가할 때, 30초 이상 지속하는 홍색을 나타내어야 한다.
(4) 비소 : 이 품목을 비소시험법에 따라 시험할 때, 그 양은 4.0ppm 이하이어야 한다.
(5) 납 : 이 품목 5.0g을 취하여 원자흡광광도법 또는 유도결합플라즈마발광광도법에 따라 시험할 때, 그 양은 2.0ppm 이하이어야 한다.
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확인시험
(1) 이 품목의 메탄올용액(1→10)을 검액으로 하고 검액 5μL 에 대해 메탄올•프로필렌글리콜의 혼액(10 : 1)을 대조액으로 하여 n-부탄올•메탄올•클로로포름(5 : 3 : 2)을 전개용용매로 하여 박층크로마토그래피를 행할 때, 대조액과 같은 위치에 황색의 반점이 확인된다. 단, 박층판은 담체로서 박층크로마토그래피용 실리카겔을 110℃에서 1시간 건조한 것을 사용하며, 전개용용매가 약 15cm 올라갔을 때 전개를 그치고 바람에 말린 다음 110℃에서 10분간 가열하여 용매를 제거시키고 식힌 다음 치몰•황산용액을 분무한 후 110℃에서 20분간 가열하여 정색시킨다.
(2) 이 품목 1mL에 황산수소칼륨 0.5g을 가하여 가열하면 과실과 같은 향기를 낸다.
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정량법
이 품목 약 1g을 정밀히 달아 물을 가하여 250mL로 한 다음 이 액 10mL를 취하여 공전플라스크에 넣고 메타과요오드산나트륨용액(1→40) 10mL 및 황산(1→2) 4mL를 가하여 흔들어 섞고 40분간 방치한 다음 이에 요오드칼륨 5g을 넣고 즉시 마개를 닫고 흔들어 섞은 후 5분간 암소에 방치한 다음 0.1N 치오황산나트륨용액으로 적정한다(지시약 : 전분시액). 따로 같은 방법으로 공시험을 한다.
0.1N 치오황산나트륨용액 1mL ＝ 3.8048mg C3H8O2
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강열잔류물
이 품목 10g을 조용히 가열하여 끓이고 가열을 그친 다음 즉시 점화하여 연소시켜 잔류물에 대하여 강열잔류물시험법에 따라 시험할 때, 그 양은 0.07% 이하이어야 한다.
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개요
Propylene glycol is used as antifreeze in breweries and
diaries, in the manufacture of resins, as a solvent, and
as an emulsifier in food. It was present as an
occupational sensitizer in the color-film developer
Flexicolor.
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화학적 성질
Propylene glycol is a colorless, odorless,
syrupy liquid.
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출처
Reported found in several varieties of mushrooms, roasted sesame seed, oat groats, parmesan cheese, cocoa,
pecans and truffle.
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용도
Next to water, propylene glycol is the most common moisturecarrying vehicle used in cosmetic formulations. It has better skin permeation than glycerin, and it also gives a pleasant feel with less greasiness than glycerin. Propylene glycol is used as a humectant because it absorbs water from the air. It also serves as a solvent for anti-oxidants and preservatives. In addition, it has preservative properties against bacteria and fungi when used in concentrations of 16 percent or higher. There is a concern that propylene glycol is an irritant at high concentrations, though it appears to be quite safe at usage levels under 5 percent.
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정의
An alcohol in which the hydroxyl groups are attached to a carbon atom of a branched or straight-chain aliphatic hydrocarbon.
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Indications
Propylene glycol solution (40% to 60%, v/vCH2CH[OH]CH2OH, propylene glycol)
applied to the skin under plastic occlusion hydrates the skin and causes desquamation
of scales. Propylene glycol, isotonic in 2% concentration, is a widely used vehicle
in dermatologic preparations. Hydroalcoholic gels containing propylene glycol or
other substances augment the keratolytic action of salicylic acid. Keralyt gel consists
of 6% salicylic acid, 19.4% alcohol, hydroxypropylcellulose, propylene glycol, and water and is an extremely effective keratolytic agent. Overnight occlusion is used
nightly until improvement is evident, at which time the frequency of therapy can
be decreased to every third night or once weekly. This therapy is well tolerated,
is usually nonirritating, and has been most successful in patients with X-linked
ichthyosis vulgaris. Burning and stinging may occur when applied to damaged skin.
Patients with other abnormalities of keratinization with hyperkeratosis, scaling, and
dryness may also benefit.
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생산 방법
Propylene glycol generally is synthesized commercially by
starting with propylene, converting to the chlorohydrin, and
hydrolyzing to propylene oxide, which is then hydrolyzed
to propylene glycol. It can also be prepared by other
methods.
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제조 방법
Manufactured by treating propylene with chlorinated water to form the chlorohydrin, which is converted to the glycol by
treatment with sodium carbonate solution. It is also prepared by heating glycerol with sodium hydroxide.
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일반 설명
Thick odorless colorless liquid. Mixes with water.
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공기와 물의 반응
Water soluble.
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반응 프로필
1,2-Propanediol is hygroscopic. 1,2-Propanediol is sensitive to excessive heat (tends to oxidize at high temperatures). 1,2-Propanediol can react with oxidizing materials. 1,2-Propanediol is incompatible with acid chlorides, acid anhydrides, chloroformates, and reducing agents. 1,2-Propanediol dissolves many essential oils. A mixture of 1,2-Propanediol with hydrofluoric acid and silver nitrate was put in a glass bottle which burst 30 minutes later.
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위험도
Toxic.
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건강위험
Liquid may irritate eyes.
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화재위험
1,2-Propanediol is combustible.
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색상 색인 번호
Propylene glycol is used as a solvent, a vehicle for
topical medicaments such as corticosteroids or aciclovir,
an emulsifier and humectant in food and cosmetics,
and as antifreeze in breweries, in the manufactures
of resins. It was present as an occupational sensitizer
in the color film developer Flexicolor?. Patch tests in
aqua are sometimes irritant.
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Safety Profile
Slightly toxic by
ingestion, skin contact, intraperitoneal,
intravenous, subcutaneous, and
intramuscular routes. Human systemic
effects by ingestion: general anesthesia,
convulsions, changes in surface EEG.
Experimental teratogenic and reproductive
effects. An eye and human skin irritant.
Mutation data reported. Combustible liquid
when exposed to heat or flame; can react
with oxidizing materials. Explosive in the
form of vapor when exposed to heat or
flame. May react with hydrofluoric acid +
nitric acid + silver nitrate to form the
explosive silver fulminate. To fight fire, use
alcohol foam. When heated to
decomposition it emits acrid smoke and
irritating fumes.
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잠재적 노출
Propylene glycol is used as a solvent;
emulsifying agent; food and feed additive; flavor, in manu-
facture of plastics; as a plasticizer, surface-active agent;
antifreeze, solvent, disinfectant, hydroscopic agent; coolant
in refrigeration systems; pharmaceutical, brake fluid; and
many others.
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Carcinogenicity
Dewhurst et al. and
Baldwin et al. in studies on the carcinogenicity of
other chemicals used propylene glycol as the solvent. As a
result they tested propylene glycol alone for carcinogenic
activity in rats and mice. Dewhurst et al. used a single
injection of 0.2 mL, whereas Baldwin et al. gave rats
and mice three to five subcutaneous injections, amount not
specified. In neither case were tumors observed during a
period of about a year or 2 years .
Wallenious and Lecholm applied propylene glycol
to the skin of rats three times a week for 14 months but found
no tumor formation. Stenback and Shubik confirmed
these findings when they applied propylene glycol at undiluted
strength and as a 50 and 10% solution in acetone to the
skin of mice during their lifetimes.
No tumors have been reported in the lifetime dietary
feeding studies . In fact, Gaunt et al.
specifically state that no tumors were found in the rats.
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환경귀착
Propylene glycol can be released into the environment via
industrial releases or by disposal of consumer products.
Propylene glycol is readily soluble in water and has a low
sorption partition coefficient (KOC), so has the ability to move
through soil and to leach into ground water. Because of low
vapor pressure (0.1 mmHg at 25°C) and high water solubility,
there is minimal volatilization to the atmosphere from
surface water releases as well as substantial removal of its
vapors by wet deposition. Its low octanol/water partition
coefficient (KOW) indicates that bioconcentration and biomagnification
should not happen. Propylene glycol is readily
degraded in surface water and soil, by chemical oxidation and
microbial digestion, with a short half-life (1–5 days) in
aerobic or anaerobic conditions. It is also rapidly degraded in
the atmosphere by photochemical oxidation, with a half-life
about 1 day. Although environmental releases can and do
occur (airports must monitor storm water runoff of deicing
solutions), human health effects are likely to be minor, at
least in comparison to effects from potential exposures in
clinical scenarios.
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Purification Methods
Dry the diol with Na2SO4, decant and distil it under reduced pressure. [Beilstein 1 IV 2468.]
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비 호환성
Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates,
nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine,
bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explo-
sions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong acids
(especially nitric acid), strong bases, permanganates,
dichromates; may cause a violent reaction.
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폐기물 처리
Dissolve or mix the
material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical
incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber.All federal, state, and local environmental regulations must
be observed.
