포스멧

그림문자(GHS)

• 그림문자(GHS)

  

• 신호 어

  Danger

• 유해·위험 문구

  H301：삼키면 유독함

  H332：흡입하면 유해함

  H370：장기(또는, 영향을 받은 알려진 모든 장기를 명시)에 손상을 일으킴(노출되어도 특정 표적장기 독성을 일으키지 않는다는 결정적인 노출경로가 있다면 노출경로를 기재)

  H410：장기적 영향에 의해 수생생물에 매우 유독함

• 예방조치문구

  P202：모든 안전 조치 문구를 읽고 이해하기 전에는 취급하지 마시오.

  P260：분진·흄·가스·미스트·증기·...·스프레이를 흡입하지 마시오.

  P264：취급 후에는 손을 철저히 씻으시오.

  P264：취급 후에는 손을 철저히 씻으시오.

  P273：환경으로 배출하지 마시오.

  P301+P310：삼켰다면 즉시 의료기관(의사)의 진찰을 받으시오.

포스멧 화학적 특성, 용도, 생산

• 개요

  Phosmet is an organophosphate insecticide and acaricide. It reduces apple damage by a large variety of insects, including apple maggots, codling moths, and obliquebanded leafrollers when used as either a border or cover spray at a concentration of 1.9 kg AI/hectare. Phosmet is effective in controlling S. scabiei in pigs when applied as a 20% pour-on solution. It is toxic to rats via oral administration (LC₅₀ = 230 mg/kg). Formulations containing phosmet have been used in the control of insects and mites in agriculture.

• 화학적 성질

  Phosmet is a white crystalline solid

• 용도

  Phosmet is used as a pesticide to protect crops and vegetation. Insecticide.

• 일반 설명

  Off-white crystalline solid with an offensive odor. Used as an insecticide and acaricide.

• 반응 프로필

  Organophosphates, such as Phosmet, are susceptible to formation of highly toxic and flammable phosphine gas in the presence of strong reducing agents such as hydrides. Partial oxidation by oxidizing agents may result in the release of toxic phosphorus oxides. Storage above 113 F, may lead to decomposition. [EPA, 1998].

• 건강위험

  Phosmet is an organophosphorus pesticide. Phosmet is very toxic; the probable oral lethal dose for humans is 50-500 mg/kg, or between 1 teaspoon and 1 oz. for a 150 lb. person. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor and has central nervous system effects. Oral lethal doses in humans have been reported at 50 mg/kg.

• 화재위험

  (Non-Specific -- Organophosphorus Pesticide, n.o.s.). Container may explode in heat of fire. Fire and runoff from fire control water may produce irritating or poisonous gases. Storage above 113F, may lead to decomposition.

• 농업용

  Insecticide, Acaricide: Phosmet is a non-systemic insecticide used on both plants and animals. It is mainly used on apple trees for control of coddling moth, though it is also used on a wide range of crops including alfalfa, nuts, grapes, blueberries, peas, potatoes, fruit crops, ornamentals, and vines for the control of aphids, suckers, mites, fire ants and fruit flies. The compound is also an active ingredient in some dog collars. It is used as an insecticide on swine and cattle. U.S. Maximum Allowable Residue Levels for Phosmet [40 CFR 180.261 (a)]: Alfalfa 40 ppm; almond, hulls 10 ppm; apple 10 ppm; apricot 5 ppm; blueberry 10 ppm; cattle, fat 0.2 ppm; cattle, meat 0.2 ppm; cattle, meat byproducts 0.2 ppm; cherry 10 ppm; cotton, undelinted seed 0.1 ppm; crabapple 20 ppm; cranberry 10 ppm; fruit, stone, group 12 5 ppm; goat, fat 0.2 ppm; goat, meat0.2 ppm; goat, meat byproducts 0.2 ppm; grape 10 ppm; hog, fat 0.2 ppm; hog, meat 0.2 ppm; hog, meat byproducts 0.2 ppm; horse, fat 0.2 ppm; horse, meat 0.2 ppm; horse, meat byproducts 0.2 ppm; kiwifruit 25 ppm; nectarine 5 ppm; nuts 0.1 ppm; pea 0.5 ppm; pea, field, hay 10 ppm; pea, field, vines 10 ppm; peach 10 ppm; pear 10 ppm; pistachio 0.1 ppm; plum, prune, fresh 5 ppm; potato 0.1 ppm; sheep, fat 0.2 ppm; sheep, meat 0.2 ppm; sheep, meat byproducts 0.2 ppm; sweet potato, roots 10 ppm. Regional registration, as defined in section 180.1(n) [40 CFR 180.261 (c)]: Crabapple 20 ppm; pistachio 0.1 ppm.

• 상품명

  Trade Names: APPA®; DECEMTHION®; DELPHOS ®; FESDAN®; FIREBAN®; FTALOPHOS®; IMIDAN®; KEMOLATE®; PERCOLATE®; PMC®; PROLATE®[C]; R 1504®; SAFIDON®; SMIDAN®; STARBAR CATTLE DUST®[C]; STAUFFER R 1504®; VET-KEM®; ZEOCON®

• Safety Profile

  A human poison by ingestion. Poison experimentally by inhalation and ingestion routes. Moderately toxic by skin contact. Human systemic effects by inhalation: lachqmation, somnolence, and olfaction effects. Experimental teratogenic and reproductive effects. Mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of NOx, POx, and SOx. See also ESTERS.

• 잠재적 노출

  An organophosphorus insecticide and acaricide.

• Carcinogenicity

  No treatment-related increases in tumor incidence occurred in rats given a diet with 0, 20, 40,200, or 400 ppm (400 ppm terminated at 12 months) (equivalent to 0, 1.1, 1.8, 9.4, and 23 mg/kg/day in males and 0, 1.1, 2.1, 10.9, and 27 mg/kg/day in females) for 2 years .
  When mice were given diets with 0, 5, 25, or 100 ppm phosmet (approximately 0.75, 3.75, or 15.0 mg/kg/day) for 2 years, there was an increased incidence of hepatocellular tumors in males and mammary gland tumors in females .

• 환경귀착

  Soil. In soils, phosmet is rapidly hydrolyzed to phthalimide (Camazano and Martin, 1980; Sánchez Camazano and Sánchez Martin, 1983). The rate of hydrolysis is greater in the presence of various montmorillonite clays and chloride salts. The calculated hydrolysis half-lives of phosmet in the presence of calcium, barium, copper, magnesium and nickel montmorillonite clays were 0.084, 0.665, 10.025, 16.926 and 28.738 days, respectively. Similarly, the half-lives of phosmet in the presence of copper, calcium, magnesium and barium chlorides were <0.020, 5.731, 10.680 and 12.242 days, respectively. In comparison, the hydrolysis of phosmet in a neutral water solution was 46.210 days (Sánchez Camazano and Sánchez Martin, 1983)
  Plant. In plants, phosmet is degraded to nontoxic compounds (Hartley and Kidd, 1987). Dorough et al. (1966) reported the half-life in Bermuda grass was 6.5 days. Half-life values ranged from 1.2 to 6.5 days (Dorough et al., 1966; Leuck and Bowman
  Chemical/Physical. Emits toxic fumes of phosphorus, nitrogen and sulfur oxides when heated to decomposition (Sax and Lewis, 1987). Though no products were identified, the
  hydrolysis half-lives at 20°C were 7.0 days and 7.1 hours at pH 6.1 and pH 7.4, respectively. At 37.5°C and pH 7.4, the hydrolysis is 1.1 hours (Freed et al., 1979)

• 신진 대사 경로

  The main degradative route of phosmet metabolism in plants and animals is similar with the compound being hydrolysed via attack on the carbonyl group of the phthaloyl moiety, yielding phthalamic acid which is further hydrolysed and decarboxylated to benzoic acid. It should be noted, however, that the studies on which the evidence for these metabolites is based are old and used paper chromatography for the main analytical evidence. A rather later study in rats identified N-hydroxymethylphthalimide and phthalimide as metabolites, implying a degradative hydrolytic route via attack on the N-methylene carbon atom. Oxidative desulfuration to the active acetylcholinesterase inhibitor phosmet oxon predominates over hydrolysis in insects and is responsible for the selectivity of the compound.

• 신진 대사

  Orally administered phosmet in mammals is rapidly degraded to phthalamic acid, phthalic acid, and phthalic acid derivatives, and the metabolites are excreted in the urine. Oxidative desulfuration to the oxon predominates over hydrolysis in insects. It is rapidly degraded in plants and soils.

• 운송 방법

  UN2783 Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, toxic, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials. UN3018 Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials. UN2811 Toxic solids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required.

• 비 호환성

  Organothiophosphates are susceptible to formation of highly toxic and flammable phosphine gas in the presence of strong reducing agents such as hydrideds and active metals. Partial oxidation by oxidizing agents may result in the release of toxic phosphorus oxides. Compounds of the carboxyl group react with all bases, both inorganic and organic (i.e., amines) releasing substantial heat, water and a salt that may be harmful. Incompatible with arsenic compounds (releases hydrogen cyanide gas), diazo compounds, dithiocarbamates, isocyanates, mercaptans, nitrides, and sulfides (releasing heat, toxic and possibly flammable gases), thiosulfates and dithionites (releasing hydrogen sulfate and oxides of sulfur). Not compatible with other pesticides under alkaline conditions. Contact with water, steam or moisture forms phthalic acids. Slightly corrosive to metals in the presence of moisture.

• 폐기물 처리

  Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≥100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal. In accordance with 40CFR165, follow recommendations for the disposal of pesticides and pesticide containers. Must be disposed properly by following package label directions or by contacting your local or federal environmental control agency, or by contacting your regional EPA office. Small amounts may be decomposed with hypochlorite. For large amounts, incineration with effective gas scrubbing is recommended.

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