페니트로티온

그림문자(GHS)

• 그림문자(GHS)

  

• 신호 어

  Danger

• 유해·위험 문구

  H301：삼키면 유독함

  H312：피부와 접촉하면 유해함

  H330：흡입하면 치명적임

  H410：장기적 영향에 의해 수생생물에 매우 유독함

• 예방조치문구

  P260：분진·흄·가스·미스트·증기·...·스프레이를 흡입하지 마시오.

  P264：취급 후에는 손을 철저히 씻으시오.

  P264：취급 후에는 손을 철저히 씻으시오.

  P273：환경으로 배출하지 마시오.

  P280：보호장갑/보호의/보안경/안면보호구를 착용하시오.

페니트로티온 화학적 특성, 용도, 생산

• 화학적 성질

  Pure fenitrothion is a yellowish brown liquid with an unpleasant odor. It is insoluble in water, but readily soluble in common organic solvents, such as acetone, alcohol, benzene, chlorinated hydrocarbons, dichloromethane, 2-propanol, toluene, in ethers, methanol, and xylene. It decomposes explosively. Fenitrothion is a contact insecticide and a selective acaricide of low ovicidal properties. Fenitrothion is effective against a wide range of pests, namely, penetrating, chewing, and sucking insect pests (coffee leaf-miners, locusts, rice stem borers, wheat bugs, fl our beetles, grain beetles, grain weevils) on cereals, cotton, orchard fruits, rice, vegetables, and forests. It may also be used as a fl y, mosquito, and cockroach residual contact spray for farms and public health programs. Fenitrothion is also effective against household insects and all nuisance insects. WHO confi rmed its effectiveness as a vector control agent for malaria. It is extensively used in other countries, including Japan, where parathion has been banned. Occupational workers are exposed to fenitrothion during mixing, loading/transportation, and fi eld applications.

• 용도

  Fenitrothion is used to control sucking, chewing and boring insects in cereals, soft fruit, tropical fruit, vines, sugar cane, vegetables, turf and forestry. It is also used as a public health insecticide for the control of flies, cockroaches and mosquitoes. Other uses are for the control of stored product pests and locusts.

• 정의

  ChEBI: An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-dimethyl O-phenyl phosphorothioate substituted by a methyl group at position 3 and a nitro group at position 4.

• 일반 설명

  Brownish-yellow oil. Used as a selective acaricide and a contact and stomach insecticide against chewing and sucking insects on rice, orchard fruits, vegetables, cereals, cotton and forest. Also used against flies, mosquitoes, and cockroaches.

• 반응 프로필

  Organophosphates, such as Fenitrothion, are susceptible to formation of highly toxic and flammable phosphine gas in the presence of strong reducing agents such as hydrides. Partial oxidation by oxidizing agents may result in the release of toxic phosphorus oxides.

• 위험도

  Cholinesterase inhibitor, use may be restricted.

• 건강위험

  Fenitrothion is an organophosphate insecticide. It is a highly toxic cholinesterase inhibitor, that acts on the nervous system. Does not cause delayed neurotoxicity and contact produces little irritation.

• 화재위험

  When heated to decomposition, Fenitrothion emits very toxic fumes of oxides of nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur. Decomposition at 212-284F produces a mixture of organophosphorus polymers. Unstable in alkaline media. Stable for 2 years if stored at 68-77F. Do not store above 104F.

• 상품명

  ACCOTHION®; ACEOTHION®; AGRIA 1050®; AGRIYA 1050®; AGROTHION®; AMERICAN CYANAMID CL-47,300®; ARBOGAL®; BAY 41831®; BAYER 41831®; BAYER S 5660®; CEKUTROTHION®; CL 47300®; CP47114®; CYFEN®; CYTEL®; CYTEN®; DICATHION®; DICOFEN®; DYBAR®; EI 47300®; FALITHION®; FENITEX®; FENITOX®; FENSTAN®; FOLETHION®; FOLITHION®; H-35-F 87 (BVM)®; 8057HC®; KALEIT®; KEEN SUPERKILL ANT AND ROACH EXTERMINATOR®; KILLGERM TETRACIDE INSECTICIDAL SPRAY®; KOTION®; MEP (PESTICIDE)®; METATHION®; METATHIONE®; METATION®; MICROMITE®; MONSANTO CP 47114®; NITROPHOS®; NOVATHION®; NUVAND®; NUVANOL®; OLEOSUMIFENE®; OMS 43®; OVADOFOS®; PENNWALT C-4852; PESTROY®; S 112A®; S 5660®; SMT®; SUMITHION®[C]; TURBAIR GRAIN STORAGE INSECTICIDE®; VERTHION®

• Safety Profile

  Poison by ingestion, inhalation, intravenous, and intraperitoneal routes. Moderately toxic by skin contact, intratracheal, and subcutaneous routes. Human systemic effects: coma, diarrhea, dyspnea, gastrointestinal changes, hypermodtty, nausea or vomiting, respiratory depression. Mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of NOx, POx, and sox

• 잠재적 노출

  A potential danger to those involved in the manufacture, formulation, and application of this insecticide. It is a selective acaricide; and a contact and stomach insecticide. Used to control chewing and sucking insects on rice, orchard fruit; vegetables, cereals, cotton, and in forests. Also protects against flies, mosquitoes, and cockroaches

• 신진 대사 경로

  Fenitrothion is a non-systemic insecticide, the biotransformations and environmental fate of which have been intensively studied and reviewed. Metabolism has been studied in mammals (including humans), birds, fish, crustacea, molluscs, insects, algae, plants and soil. The major routes of biotransformation involve desulfuration to the oxon analogue (fenitrooxon) and hydrolysis to give dimethyl phosphate, O,O-dimethyl phosphorothioate and 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol. Demethylation to give desmethylfenitrothion and its decomposition products, reduction of the nitro group and oxidation of the ring methyl group also occur. Demethylation via glutathione-S-methyl transferases in the liver is a particularly important mechanism in mammals. Reduction of the nitro group to an amino group is important in anaerobic soils and ruminants but this has also been shown to occur in rats, rabbits and humans where it is presumably carried out by bacteria in the gut. Oxidation of the 3-methyl group to hydroxymethyl and carboxylate has been shown to be a degradative route in birds. The major routes of phase II metabolism involve conjugation of 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol to the glucoside in plants and insects, to the sulfate ester in birds and the sulfate ester and glucuronide in mammals.

• 신진 대사

  The main biotransformation routes involve oxidative desulfuration to the oxon and dearylation to give dimethyl hydrogen phosphate, O,O-dimethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate and 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol. Demethylation dependent on glutathion-S-alkyl transferase is particularly important in mammals.Oxidation of the 3-methyl group to hydroxymethyl and then carboxyl group is also a degradative route. Reduction of the nitro group to an amino group occurs in anaerobic soils and ruminants. The DT₅₀ in soils under upland and submerged conditions were 12–28 and 4–20 d, respectively.

• 운송 방법

  UN3017 Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic, flammable, flash point not ,23C, Hazard class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, 3-Flammable liquid. UN2810 Toxic liquids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required

• 비 호환성

  Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases,strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides. Strong oxidizers may cause release of toxic phosphorus oxides. Organophosphates, in the presence of strong reducing agents such as hydrides, may form highly toxic and flammable phosphine gas. Keep away from alkaline materials

• 폐기물 처리

  Incineration (for large amounts); alkaline hydrolysis and landfill (for small amounts). In accordance with 40CFR165, follow recommendations for the disposal of pesticides and pesticide containers. Must be disposed properly by following package label directions or by contacting your local or federal environmental control agency, or by contacting your regional EPA office.

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