요오드화 칼륨

그림문자(GHS)

• 그림문자(GHS)

  

• 신호 어

  Warning

• 유해·위험 문구

  H315：피부에 자극을 일으킴

  H319：눈에 심한 자극을 일으킴

• 예방조치문구

  P305+P351+P338：눈에 묻으면 몇 분간 물로 조심해서 씻으시오. 가능하면 콘택트렌즈를 제거하시오. 계속 씻으시오.

요오드화 칼륨 MSDS

• Potassium iodide

요오드화 칼륨 화학적 특성, 용도, 생산

• 순도시험

    (1) 비소 : 이 품목을 비소시험법에 따라 시험할 때, 그 양은 4.0ppm 이하이어야 한다.

    (2) 납 : 「메타인산나트륨」의 순도시험 (2)에 따라 시험한다(4.0ppm 이하).

    (3) 요오드산염 : 이 품목 1.1g을 암모니아 및 이산화탄소가 없는 물에 녹여 10mL로 한 다음 비색관에 옮겨 전분시액 1mL 및 1N 황산 0.25mL를 가한 다음 혼합한 액의 색은 다른 비색관에 요오드칼륨 100mg 요오드산염표준용액(요오드산칼륨용액(1→2,500) 1mL에 물을 넣어 100mL로 한다) 1mL에 물을 가하여 10mL로 하고 다시 이에 전분시액 1mL, 1N 황산 0.25mL를 가한 다음 혼합한 액의 색보다 진하여서는 아니 된다.

    (4) 질산염, 아질산염 및 암모니아 : 이 품목 1g을 취하여 40mL시험관에 넣고 물 5mL에 용해한 다음 수산화나트륨시액 2mL 및 알루미늄선 약 200mg을 넣는다. 시험관의 윗부분에 솜마개를 한 다음 윗부분에 적색리트머스시험지를 갖다댄 다음 수욕조에서 약 15분간 가열한다. 이 때 적색리트머스시험지는 청색으로 변하여서는 아니 된다.

    (5) 치오황산염 및 바륨 : 이 품목 500mg을 암모니아 및 이산화탄소가 없는 물 10mL에 녹인 다음 묽은황산 2방울을 가할 때, 1분 이내에 혼탁이 나타나서는 아니 된다.

• 확인시험

    이 품목의 수용액(1→10)은 확인시험법 중 칼륨염 및 요오드염의 반응을 나타낸다.

• 정량법

    이 품목을 건조한 다음 약 500mg을 정밀히 달아 물 약 10mL에 용해하고 염산 35mL 및 클로로포름 5mL를 넣어 0.05M 요오드산칼륨용액으로 요오드의 자주색이 클로로포름층에서 사라질 때까지 적정한다. 종말점 부근에서는 요오드산칼륨용액을 떨어뜨리면서 계속 세차게 흔들어 주고 클로로포름층에 자주색이 나타나면 요오드산칼륨용액으로 더 적정한다.

  0.05M 요오드산칼륨용액 1mL ＝ 16.60mg KI

• 화학적 성질

  Potassium iodide is a white crystals, granules, or powder; strong, bitter, saline taste. becomes yellowish when exposed to bright light due to photochemical decomposition liberating traces of free iodine. Soluble in water, alcohol, acetone, and glycerol. slightly soluble in ether and ammonia. It may be prepared bythe reaction of iodine with hot potassiumhydroxide solution followed by separation from the iodate (which isalso formed) by fractional crystallization. In solution it has the interestingproperty of dissolving iodine to formthe triiodide ion I3-, which is brown. Potassium iodide is widely used as ananalytical reagent, in photography,and also as an additive to table salt toprevent goitre and other disordersdue to iodine deficiency.
  

• 출처

  Potassium iodide is found in seaweed. Some important applications of this compound involve its use in pharmaceuticals and as a source of iodine in food,especially in animal and poultry feed. Potassium iodide is added to table salt to provide iodine in human food.
  Another major use is in making photographic emulsions. In analytical chemistry, potassium iodide is used in iodometric titration with starch indicator to analyze dissolved oxygen, dissolved chlorine, sulfide, and other analytes in water.

• 용도

  Potassium Iodide is a source of iodine and a nutrient and dietary supplement. it exists as crystals or powder and has a solubility of 1 g in 0.7 ml of water at 25°c. it is included in table salt for the preven- tion of goiter.Potassium Iodide is used primarily used in the treatment of radiation poisoning due to environmental contamination by iodine-131. It is also manufacture of photographic emulsions; in animal and poultry feeds to the extent of 10-30 parts per million; in table salt as a source of iodine and in some drinking water; also In animal chemistry. In medicine,potassium iodide is used to regulate the thyroid gland.

• 제조 방법

  Potassium iodide is made by absorption of iodine in potassium hydroxide:
  I2 + 6KOH → 5KI + KIO3 + 3H2O
  Most potassium iodate, KIO3 , is separated from the product mixture by crystallization and filtration. Remaining iodates are removed by evaporation of the solution and other processes, such as carbon reduction or thermal decompostion at 600oC to iodide:
  2KIO3 → 2KI + 3O2
  Another method of preparation that does not involve the formation of iodate is by treating iron turnings with iodine solution. The product, ferrosoferric iodide, Fe3I8?16H2O, is boiled with 15 wt% potassium carbonate solution:
  Fe3I8.16H2O + 4K2CO3 → 8 KI + 4CO2 + Fe3O4 + 16H2O
  A similar method is used to prepare potassium bromide, discussed earlier (see Potassium Bromide.)
  Potassium iodide can be prepared by reacting hydriodic acid with potassium bicarbonate:
  HI + KHCO3 → KI + CO2 + H2O
  It is purified by melting in dry hydrogen.
  Potassium iodide also may be obtained by various electrolytic processes.

• 주요 응용

  Potassium iodide was first used as the primary halide in Talbot’s calotype process, then in the albumen on glass process followed by the wet collodion process. It was also used as a secondary halide in silver bromide gelatin emulsions, animal feeds, catalysts, photographic chemicals, and for sanitation. Potassium iodide is produced by reaction of potassium hydroxide with iodine. The product is purified by crystallization from water. Potassium iodide is ionic compound which iodine ions and silver ions can form yellow precipitate silver iodide (when exposes to light, it can decompose, it can be used to make high-speed photographic film), silver nitrate can be used to verify the presence of iodine ions.

• 정의

  ChEBI: Potassium iodide is a metal iodide salt with a K(+) counterion. A compound that contains pentavalent iodine, which is usually ionically bound to electropositive atoms. It is a scavenger of hydroxyl radicals. It has a role as a radical scavenger and an expectorant. It contains an iodide. It is a type of iodine that is not radioactive and can be used to help block one type of radioactive material, radioactive iodine (I-131), from being absorbed by the thyroid.

• 일반 설명

  Potassium iodide is an odorless white solid. Sinks and mixes with water. (USCG, 1999)

• 공기와 물의 반응

  Water soluble.

• 반응 프로필

  Bromine trifluoride rapidly attacks the following salts: barium chloride, cadmium chloride, calcium chloride, cesium chloride, lithium chloride, silver chloride, rubidium chloride, potassium bromide, potassium chloride, Potassium iodide, rhodium tetrabromide, sodium bromide, sodium chloride, and sodium iodide [Mellor 2, Supp. 1:164, 165. 1956].

• 건강위험

  May irritate eyes or open cuts.

• Pharmacokinetics

  Potassium Iodide is a metal halide composed of potassium and iodide with thyroid protecting and expectorant properties. Potassium iodide can block absorption of radioactive iodine by the thyroid gland through flooding the thyroid with non-radioactive iodine and preventing intake of radioactive molecules, thereby protecting the thyroid from cancer causing radiation. In addition, this agent acts as an expectorant by increasing secretion of respiratory fluids resulting in decreased mucus viscosity.

• Clinical Use

  Potassium iodide is used to treat the cutaneous lymphatic form of sporotrichosis, although newer agents are also effective in this disorder and may be better tolerated tolerated. The drug is also used for erythema nodosum and nodular vasculitis.

• Safety Profile

  Poison by intravenous route. Moderately toxic by ingestion and intraperitoneal routes. Human teratogenic effects by ingestion: developmental abnormalities of the endocrine system. Experimental teratogenic and reproductive effects. Mutation data reported. Explosive reaction with charcoal + ozone, trifluoroacetyl hypofluorite, fluorine perchlorate. Violent reaction or ignition on contact with dazonium salts, diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate, bromine pentafluoride, chlorine trifluoride. Incompatible with oxidants, BrF3, FClO, metaltic salts, calomel. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of K2O and I-. See also IODIDES.

• Purification Methods

  Crystallise it from distilled water (0.5mL/g) by filtering the near-boiling solution and cooling. To minimise oxidation to iodine, the process can be carried out under N2 and the salt is dried under a vacuum over P2O5 at 70-100o. Before drying, the crystals can be washed with EtOH or with acetone followed by pet ether. It has also been recrystallised from water/ethanol. After 2 recrystallisations, ACS/USP grade had Li and Sb at <0.02 and <0.01 ppm respectively. [Lingane & Kolthoff Inorg Synth I 163 1939.]

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