2-ピロリドン

危険有害性情報のコード(GHS)

• 絵表示(GHS)

  

• 注意喚起語

  Danger

• 危険有害性情報

  H319：強い眼刺激

• 注意書き

  P201：使用前に取扱説明書を入手すること。

  P202：全ての安全注意を読み理解するまで取り扱わないこ と。

  P264：取扱い後は皮膚をよく洗うこと。

  P264：取扱い後は手や顔をよく洗うこと。

  P280：保護手袋/保護衣/保護眼鏡/保護面を着用するこ と。

  P305+P351+P338：眼に入った場合：水で数分間注意深く洗うこと。次にコ ンタクトレンズを着用していて容易に外せる場合は外す こと。その後も洗浄を続けること。

  P308+P313：暴露または暴露の懸念がある場合：医師の診断/手当てを 受けること。

2-ピロリドン 価格

2-ピロリドン 化学特性,用途語,生産方法

• 外観

  白色/無色～ほとんど白色/ほとんど無色粉末～塊～透明液体

• 溶解性

  水, エタノール, アセトン, エーテルに易溶。水、エタノール及びアセトンに極めて溶けやすい。

• 用途

  溶剤、有機合成原料

• 特徴

  2-ピロリドン(２Ｐ)は窒素を含む５員環化合物で次のような特徴があります。
  1. ほとんどの有機溶媒（アルコール、エーテル、エステル、芳香族炭化水素、塩素化炭化水素、二硫化炭素など）と完全に混合する。
  2. 水と任意の割合で混合する。
  3. 沸点が高い。
  4. 化学的、熱的に安定で腐食性がない。

• 主な用途

  2-ピロリドン（2P）は優れた特性を持つ溶媒で、殆どの有機溶剤と完全に混合し、高沸点であることから、非常に広い範囲で使用されています。
  主な用途
  ■ 医薬、化粧品原料
  γ－アミノ酪酸原料
  ポリビニルピロリドン原料
  ■ 抽出剤
  芳香族化合物の抽出
  ■ 高分子ベース床ポリッシャーの可塑剤
  アクリル系
  アクリル－スチレン系
  ■ 脱色剤
  灯油
  ロジン
  脂肪酸
  ■ 溶剤
  合成樹脂
  農薬（クロルダン他）
  多価アルコール（グリセリン、ソルビトール）
  その他（印刷インク等）
  ■ 有機合成の出発原料
  N－メチロール化合物
  γ－アミノ酸誘導体
  ■ 高分子原料

• 化学的特性

  2-Pyrrolidinone occurs as a colorless or slightly grayish liquid, as white or almost white crystals, or colorless crystal needles. It has a characteristic odor. miscible with water, alcohol, ether, chloroform, benzene, ethyl acetate and carbon disulfide, insoluble in petroleum ether.

• 定義

  ChEBI: 2-Pyrrolidinone is the simplest member of the class of pyrrolidin-2-ones, consisting of pyrrolidine in which the hydrogens at position 2 are replaced by an oxo group. The lactam arising by the formal intramolecular condensation of the amino and carboxy groups of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). It has a role as a polar solvent and a metabolite.

• 調製方法

  The synthesis of 2-pyrrolidone was first reported in 1889 as the product of dehydration of 4-aminobutanoic acid. It is produced commercially by condensation of butyrolactone with ammonia, a method first described in 1936. Other synthetic routes include carbon monoxide insertion into allylamine, hydrolytic hydrogenation of succinonitrile, and hydrogenation of ammoniacal solutions of maleic and succinnic acids (Hort and Anderson 1978).

• 健康ハザード

  Exposure to 2-pyrrolidone produces irritation to the eyes, mucous membranes, and skin. Although reported to be a skin sensitizer in animal tests, there is no indication that 2-pyrrolidone is a skin sensitizer in human exposures (Anon 1975). 2-Pyrrolidone has been reported to enhance the permeability of human skin for methanol, but reduced the permeability for octanol (Southwell et al 1983).

• 応用例（製薬）

  Pyrrolidone and N-methylpyrrolidone are mainly used as solvents in veterinary injections. Pyrrolidone has been shown to be a better solubilizer than glycerin, propylene glycol, or ethanol. They have also been suggested for use in human pharmaceutical formulations as solvents in parenteral, oral, and topical applications. In topical applications, pyrrolidones appear to be effective penetration enhancers. Pyrrolidones have also been investigated for their application in controlled-release depot formulations.

• 工業用途

  2-Pyrrolidone is used as an intermediate for synthesis of l-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and various TV-methylol derivatives used as textile-finishing agents; as a solvent for various polymers, chlordane and DDT, d-sorbitol, glycerin, and sugars; and as a decolorizing agent for kerosene, fatty oils, and rosins. N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and 2-pyrrolidone are utilized in petroleum refining to selectively extract aromatics from paraffinic hydrocarbons. 2-Pyrrolidone is used as a plasticizer and coalescing agent for acrylic latices and acrylic/styrene copolymers in emulsion coatings, i.e. floor waxes. A linear high molecular weight polyamide polymer of 2-pyrrolidone, nylon-4, is used as a textile fiber, injection molding compound, and film-forming polymer (Anon. 1975; Hort and Anderson 1978).

• 安全性

  Pyrrolidones are mainly used in veterinary injections and have also been suggested for use in human oral, topical, and parenteral pharmaceutical formulations. In mammalian species, pyrrolidones are biotransformed to polar metabolites that are excreted via the urine. Pyrrolidone is mildly toxic by ingestion and subcutaneous routes; mutagenicity data have been reported.
  LD50 (guinea pig, oral): 6.5 g/kg
  LD50 (rat, oral): 6.5 g/kg

• 代謝

  A metabolite of 2-pyrrolidone, 4-aminobutanoic acid has been identified in animals (Lundgren et al 1980). 2-Pyrrolidone has been reported to be an endogenous constituent in the brains of mice (Callery et al 1978) and bovine (Mori et al 1975). The aliphatic polyamine putrescine has been demonstrated to be metabolized to 2-pyrrolidone in rat liver slices (Lundgren and Hankins 1978; Lundgren et al 1985) and to lesser extent by slices of spleen and lung, but not in tissue slices from kidney, brain, heart, or rear leg muscle (Lundgren and Hankins 1978). The metabolism of putrescine is catalyzed by the microsomal enzyme diamine oxidase (EC 1.4.3.6) to 4-aminobutyraldehyde, which is subsequently oxidized to the neurotransmitter 4-aminobutanoic acid (4-aminobutyric acid, GAB A) or is cyclized to delta1-pyrroline (Seiler 1980; Lundgren et al 1980; Callery et al 1980), which is in turn oxidized to 5-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidone (Lundgren and Fales 1980). There is evidence that 5-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidone is further metabolized to succinimide, malimide, 2- and 3-hydroxysuccinamic acids, maleamic acid, and carbon dioxide (Bandle et al 1984). An enzyme system residing in the soluble fraction of rabbit liver catalyzes the conversion of delta'-pyrroline to ?-aminobutyric acid and its lactam, 2-pyrrolidone (Callery et al 1982). 2-Pyrrolidone has been identified as a urinary metabolite of N-nitrosopyrrolidine (Cottrell et al 1980) and the drug methadone (Kreek 1980).

• 貯蔵

  Pyrrolidone is chemically stable and, if it is kept in unopened original containers, the shelf-life is approximately one year. Pyrrolidone should be stored in a well-closed container protected from light and oxidation, at temperatures below 20°C.

• 不和合性

  Pyrrolidone is incompatible with oxidizing agents and strong acids.

2-ピロリドン 上流と下流の製品情報

2-ピロリドン 生産企業

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2-ピロリドン スペクトルデータ(¹HNMR、¹³CNMR、IR1、IR2、MS、Raman)

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