2-pyrrolidone carboxylic acid, also known as pyroglutamic acid, is a derivative of the glutamine and glutamate. It is contained in many kinds of proteins including bacteriorhodopsin. It is a nonessential nutrient which can be normally generated during the glutathione cycle process inside the human body. It is also contained in fruits and vegetables. Pyroglutamic acid has many physiological functions and healthy effects. Its L-form can increase the activity off neurotransmitter acetylcholine and can be used in the production of the neurotransmitters gramma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) as well as glycine. Based on this, L-pyroglutamic acid is beneficial to brain function, being capable of supporting memory and learning as well as alleviating anxiety. In addition, its sodium-form product (sodium pyroglutamate), as a humectant, can be used for dry skin and hair products.
