四酸化オスミウム (4%水溶液)

危険有害性情報のコード(GHS)

• 絵表示(GHS)

  

• 注意喚起語

  Danger

• 危険有害性情報

  H314：重篤な皮膚の薬傷?眼の損傷

• 注意書き

  P260：粉じん/煙/ガス/ミスト/蒸気/スプレーを吸入しないこ と。

  P270：この製品を使用する時に、飲食または喫煙をしないこ と。

  P280：保護手袋/保護衣/保護眼鏡/保護面を着用するこ と。

  P303+P361+P353：皮膚（または髪）に付着した場合：直ちに汚染された衣 類をすべて脱ぐこと/取り除くこと。皮膚を流水/シャワー で洗うこと。

  P305+P351+P338：眼に入った場合：水で数分間注意深く洗うこと。次にコ ンタクトレンズを着用していて容易に外せる場合は外す こと。その後も洗浄を続けること。

四酸化オスミウム (4%水溶液) 価格

四酸化オスミウム (4%水溶液) 化学特性,用途語,生産方法

• 外観

  灰色〜黒色, 塊

• 溶解性

  水及びエタノールと任意の割合で混和する。

• 解説

  四酸化オスミウム，無色ないし淡黄色針状晶。融点40.6～40.7℃，沸点131.2℃，比重4.906(22℃)。常温で揮発性，気体は単分子から成る。特異な強い臭気をもつ。水素と混合して赤熱した管中を通すと容易にオスミウムに還元される。水，アルコール，エーテル，四塩化炭素，ベンゼンなどに溶ける。

  株式会社平凡社 世界大百科事典 第２版について　情報
  

• 用途

  酸化剤、細胞組織固定剤

• 用途

  オレフィン類をジオール化する酸化反応に使用します。

• 用途

  オスミウムの再酸化剤として主にフェリシアン化カリウム(K3[Fe(CN6)])を使用する場合に適しています。また、不斉配位子を使用すると、不斉ジヒドロキシル化反応に適用することができます。

• 製法

  酸化オスミウム(VIII)ともいう。オスミウムの粉末を酸素気流中で赤熱するか，オスミウム化合物を酸化すると得られる四酸化オスミウム。

• 特長

  1. 繰り返し使用が可能2. 反応物との分離が容易3. 揮発性抑制による毒性、刺激臭が低い4. 樹脂からの酸化オスミウムの溶出の抑制

• 使用上の注意

  刺激性が強く、蒸気は粘膜を侵し、目、のど、皮膚に有害ですので、保護眼鏡、保護手袋を着用し、ドラフト内で取り扱って下さい。なお、蒸気は酸化性があり、有機物である紙等を黒変させる性質があり、周囲の薬品のラベル等も汚染しますので注意してください。沸点より低い温度で揮散し、そのガスは毒性が強い。

• 化学的特性

  Osmium tetroxide is a strong oxidant. Numerous organic substances reduce it to black osmium dioxide (OsO2) or to osmium metal.

• 物理的性質

  Pale, yellow crystalline solid; chlorine-like acrid odor; monoclinic crystals having terahedral structure; density 5.1 g/cm³; melts at 40.6°C; vaporizes at 129.7°C; sublimation begins below its boiling point; vapor pressure 11 torr at 27°C; critical temperature 405°C; critical pressure 170 atm; moderately soluble in water, 7.24 g/100mL at 25°C; soluble in most organic solvents.

• 使用

  Osmium tetroxide is used in histopathological laboratories to stain the adipose tissue and as a stabilizing agent in scanning electron microscopy. In the chemical industry, it is used as a catalyst in the organic synthesis, particularly as the oxidizing agent in olefin-to-glycol conversion (546, 567). In the past, osmium tetroxide in the form of aqueous solution was used in forensic medicine to examine fingerprints. Osmium tetroxide is also used in medicine to treat rheumatoid arthritis.

• 調製方法

  Osmium tetroxide is obtained by heating, at 300–400°C, finely divided osmium metal in the stream of air or oxygen (546). Commercially, it is received during osmium smelting and platinum annealing. Osmium tetroxide may also be produced by oxidizing osmium with aqua regia or nitric acid. It is often formed at room temperature from osmium metal powder.

• 製造方法

  Osmium tetroxide is obtained as an intermediate during recovery of osmium metal from osmiridium or other noble metal minerals (See Osmium). In general, oxidation of an aqueous solution of an osmium salt or complex, such as sodium osmate with nitric acid, yields the volatile tetroxide which may be distilled out from the solution. In the laboratory, the compound can be prepared by oxidation of the osmium tetrachloride, OsCl₄, or other halide solutions with sodium hypochlorite followed by distillation.
  Osmium tetroxide may also be produced by heating finely divided osmium metal in a stream of oxygen or air at 300 to 400°C.

• 定義

  ChEBI: An osmium coordination entity consisting of four oxygen atoms bound to a central osmium atom via covalent double bonds.

• 一般的な説明

  A colorless or yellow solid with a pungent odor of chlorine. Melting point about 104°F. Boiling point 266°F (begins to sublime below melting point). Density 4.9 g / cm3. Soluble in alcohol. Toxic by inhalation and a strong irritant to the eyes and mucous membranes.

• 空気と水の反応

  Soluble in water.

• 反応プロフィール

  Osmium tetraoxide is incompatible with hydrochloric acid andeasily oxidized organic materials. Contact with other materials may cause fire. . Reacted explosively with1-methylimidazole [J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 1979, 1084].

• 危険性

  Osmium tetroxide is poisonous by all routes of exposure. The vapor is an eye irritant and can produce tears and damage. The vapor also can cause upper respiratory tract irritation.
  LD50 oral (mouse): 162 mg/kg
  LCLO inhalation (mouse): 40 ppm (104 mg/m ³)/4 hr.

• 健康ハザード

  TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

• 火災危険

  Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated.

• 燃焼性と爆発性

  Noncombustible

• 安全性プロファイル

  Poison by ingestion, inhalation, and intraperitoneal routes. Human systemic effects by inhalation: lachrymation and other eye effects and structural or functional changes in trachea or bronch. Experimental reproductive effects. Mutation data reported. Explodes on contact with 1 -methylimidazole. Catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide can be hazardous. See also OSMIUM

• 職業ばく露

  Osmium may be alloyed with platinum metals, iron, cobalt, and nickel; and it forms compounds withtin and zinc. The alloy with iridium is used in the manufacture of fountain pen points, engraving tool; record player needles; electrical contacts; compass needles; fine machine bearings; and parts for watch and lock mechanisms. The metal is a catalyst in the synthesis of ammonia; and in the dehydrogenation of organic compounds. It is also used as a stain for histological examination of tissues. Osmium tetroxide is used as an oxidizing agent, catalyst, and as a fixative for tissues in electron microscopy. Other osmium compounds find use in photography. Osmium no longer is used in incandescent lights or in fingerprinting.

• 貯蔵

  In particular, all work with osmium tetroxide should be conducted in a fume hood to prevent exposure by inhalation, and splash goggles and impermeable gloves should be worn at all times to prevent eye and skin contact. Osmium tetroxide as solid or solutions should be stored in tightly sealed containers, and these should be placed in secondary containers.

• 不和合性

  Osmium tetroxide is a strong oxidizer. Reacts with combustibles and reducing materials. Reacts with hydrochloric acid to form toxic chlorine gas. Forms unstable compounds with alkalis.

• 廃棄物の処理

  Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≥100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal.

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