Promazine hydrochloride

Chemical Properties

White Solid

Uses

Promazine hydrochloride has been used in conductivity and surface tension measurements and for testing inhibition of feline coronavirus (FCoV) in Felis catus whole fetus-4 (fcwf-4) cells.

Uses

Antipsychotic. Tranquilizer.

Definition

Isomeric with promethazine hydrochloride.

brand name

Sparine (Baxter Healthcare); Sparine (Wyeth).

General Description

Promazine hydrochloride (PMZ) belongs to the phenothiazine drug family. Promazine is a D2 dopamine receptor antagonist and has antipsychotic and anticholinergic functionality. It is used for pain management and is also used for treating hypersensitivity reactions.

Biochem/physiol Actions

D2 dopamine receptor antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic.

Clinical Use

Antipsychotic for agitation and restlessness

Safety Profile

Poison by ingestion, subcutaneous, intravenous, intraperitoneal, and intramuscular routes. Human systemic effects by ingestion: general anesthesia, tremors, antipsychotic effects. An addltive permitted in food for human consumption; also permitted in the feed and drinhng water of animals and/or for the treatment of food-producing animals. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx, SOx, and HCl

Drug interactions

Potentially hazardous interactions with other drugs
Anaesthetics: enhanced hypotensive effect.
Analgesics: increased risk of convulsions with tramadol; enhanced hypotensive and sedative effects with opioids; increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias with methadone.
Anti-arrhythmics increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias with anti-arrhythmics that prolong the QT interval, e.g. procainamide, disopyramide, dronedarone and amiodarone - avoid with amiodarone and dronedarone.
Antibacterials: increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias with delamanid and moxifloxacin - avoid.
Antidepressants: increase concentrations and additive antimuscarinic effects, notably with tricyclics; increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias with citalopram and escitalopram - avoid; increased risk of convulsions with vortioxetine.
Antiepileptics: antagonised (convulsive threshold lowered).
Antimalarials: avoid with artemether/lumefantrine and piperaquine with artenimol.
Antipsychotics: increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias with droperidol and pimozide - avoid; increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias with risperidone.
Antivirals: concentration possibly increased with ritonavir; increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias with saquinavir - avoid.
Anxiolytics and hypnotics: increased sedative effects.
Atomoxetine: increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias.
Beta-blockers: enhanced hypotensive effect; increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias with sotalol.
Cytotoxics: increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias with arsenic trioxide.
Desferrioxamine: avoid concomitant use.
Diuretics: enhanced hypotensive effect.
Lithium: increased risk of extrapyramidal side effects and possibly neurotoxicity.
Pentamidine: increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias.
Anti-arrhythmics: increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias with anti-arrhythmics that prolong the QT interval - avoid with amiodarone, disopyramide and dronedarone.
Antibacterials: increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias with delamanid and moxifloxacin - avoid.
Antidepressants: increased level of tricyclics (possibly increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias and antimuscarinic side effects); increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias with citalopram and escitalopram - avoid; increased risk of convulsions with vortioxetine.
Anticonvulsant: antagonises anticonvulsant effect.
Antimalarials: avoid with artemether/lumefantrine and piperaquine with artenimol.
Antipsychotics: increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias with droperidol and pimozide - avoid; increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias with risperidone.
Antivirals: concentration possibly increased with ritonavir; increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias with saquinavir - avoid.
Anxiolytics and hypnotics: increased sedative effects.
Atomoxetine: increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias.
Beta-blockers: enhanced hypotensive effect; increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias with sotalol.
Cytotoxics: increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias with arsenic trioxide.
Diuretics: enhanced hypotensive effect.
Lithium: increased risk of extrapyramidal side effects and possibly neurotoxicity.
Pentamidine: increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias.

Metabolism

Promazine undergoes considerable first-pass metabolism in the gut wall. It is also extensively metabolised in the liver and is excreted in the urine and faeces in the form of numerous active and inactive metabolites.