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Dimethyl carbonate

Outline Reference quality standards The application of dimethyl carbonate Chemical Properties Uses Production method Category Toxicity grading Acute toxicity Flammability and hazard characteristics Storage characteristics Extinguishing agent

Dimethyl carbonate

CAS No.616-38-6
Chemical Name:Dimethyl carbonate
CBNumber:CB8853983
Molecular Formula:C3H6O3
Formula Weight:90.08
MOL File:616-38-6.mol

Dimethyl carbonate Property

Melting point 2-4 °C (lit.)
Boiling point 90 °C (lit.)
Density 1.069 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor density 3.1 (vs air)
vapor pressure 18 mm Hg ( 21.1 °C)
refractive index n20/D 1.368(lit.)
Flash point 65 °F
storage temp. Store below +30°C.
solubility 139g/l
form Liquid
color <50(APHA)
Odor Pleasant
explosive limit 4.22-12.87%(V)
Relative density, gas (air=1) 3.11
Water Solubility 139 g/L
Sensitive Moisture Sensitive
Merck 14,3241
BRN 635821
Dielectric constant 3.1699999999999999
Stability Stable. Highly flammable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, potassium t-butoxide.
InChIKey IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP 0.23-0.354 at 20-25℃
Surface tension 28.08mN/m at 298.15K
CAS DataBase Reference 616-38-6(CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores 1
FDA UNII KE9J097SPN
NIST Chemistry Reference Carbonic acid, dimethyl ester(616-38-6)
EPA Substance Registry System Carbonic acid, dimethyl ester (616-38-6)
UNSPSC Code 77101502
NACRES NA.24

Safety

Hazard Codes :F
Risk Statements :11
Safety Statements :9-16-2017/9/16
RIDADR :UN 1161 3/PG 2
WGK Germany :1
RTECS :FG0450000
Autoignition Temperature :458 °C
TSCA :Yes
HS Code :2920 90 10
HazardClass :3
PackingGroup :II
Hazardous Substances Data :616-38-6(Hazardous Substances Data)
Toxicity :LD50 in rats (g/kg): 13.8 orally; 2.5 dermally; LC50 (4 hr) in rats (mg/l): 140 by inhalation (Ono)

NFPA 704:

	3
3		0

Hazard and Precautionary Statements (GHS)

Symbol(GHS)
Signal wordDanger
Hazard statements H225
Precautionary statements P210-P233-P240-P241-P242-P243

Dimethyl carbonate Price More Price(21)

Brand: Sigma-Aldrich(India)
Product number: D152927
Product name : Dimethyl carbonate
Purity: ReagentPlus?, 99%
Packaging: 500ML
Price: ₹4178.45
Updated: 2022/06/14
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Brand: Sigma-Aldrich(India)
Product number: D152927
Product name : Dimethyl carbonate
Purity: ReagentPlus?, 99%
Packaging: 1L
Price: ₹7566.68
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Brand: Sigma-Aldrich(India)
Product number: 809942
Product name : Dimethyl carbonate
Purity: ≥99.9%, acid <10 ppm, H2O <10 ppm
Packaging: 25G
Price: ₹20134.5
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Brand: Sigma-Aldrich(India)
Product number: 809942
Product name : Dimethyl carbonate
Purity: ≥99.9%, acid <10 ppm, H2O <10 ppm
Packaging: 500G
Price: ₹70254.25
Updated: 2022/06/14
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Brand: Sigma-Aldrich(India)
Product number: 8.03525
Product name : Dimethyl carbonate
Purity: for synthesis
Packaging: 100ML
Price: ₹4290
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Dimethyl carbonate Chemical Properties,Usage,Production

Outline Dimethyl carbonate is briefly referred to as DMC. At room temperature, it is a colorless and transparent liquid with a pungent odor with a relative density (D204) of 1.0694, a melting point of 4 °C, boiling point of 90.3 °C, the flash point being 21.7 °C (opening) and being 16.7 °C (closed ) and the refractive index (nd20) being 1.3687. It is flammable and non-toxic and is miserable with almost all organic solvents in any proportion with alcohols, ketones and esters. It is slightly soluble in water. It can be used as the methylating agent. Compared with other methylating reagent such as methyl iodide and dimethyl sulfate, dimethyl carbonate is less toxic, and biodegradable.
The past method of making dimethyl carbonate with phosgene as raw materials is not frequently used. Instead, people now adopt the catalytic oxidative carbonylation of methanol in the presence of oxygen which is more environmentally friendly than the previous method.
Dimethyl carbonate can enable to methylation of aniline, phenol and carboxylic acid. However, many reaction demands high-pressure. DBU can be added during reflux of DMC for catalyzing the methylation of carboxylic acid with dimethyl carbonate.
Reference quality standards Index name battery grade excellent grade first grade qualified experimental methods
Appearance, colorless and transparent liquid
Dimethyl carbonate content% ≥99.9 ≥99.5 ≥99.0 ≥98.5 Gas Chromatography
Water, Water Content% ≤30ppm ≤0.10 ≤0.10 ≤0.10 GB606
Alkalinity mmol/10Og-≤0.10 ≤0.12 ≤0.12 Q/GNPC-JX 017
Non-volatile matter, %-≤0.02 ≤0.02 ≤0.02 GB6324.2
Peroxide (By H2O2) ≤5ppm---GB6016-85
Density (20 ℃), Density g/cm3 1.071 ± 0.005
The application of dimethyl carbonate 1, a novel type of low toxicity solvents and can substitute solvent such as toluene, xylene, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, acetone or butanone in paints and adhesive industry, and is environmentally friendly green chemical products.
2, it is excellent methylating agent, carbonylation agent, hydroxymethylation agent and methoxylation agent and is a kind of chemical raw material of wide application.
3, it can be used as ideal substitute of highly toxic product such as phosgene, dimethyl sulfate, and methyl chloroformate.
4, it can be used for synthesizing polycarbonate, diphenyl carbonate, and isocyanate and so on.
5, in the field of medicine, it can be for the synthesis of anti-infective drugs, anti-inflammatory medicines, vitamin-class medicines and central nervous system drugs.
6, in the field of pesticides, it can be mainly used for the production of methyl isocyanate, thereby producing some carbamate drugs, pesticides (anisole).
7, it can be used as gasoline additives and lithium battery electrolyte and so on.
The above information is edited by the chemicalbook of Dai Xiongfeng.
Chemical Properties It is colorless liquid with a pungent odor. It is insoluble in water and soluble in alcohol, ether and other organic solvents.
Uses Dimethyl carbonate product can be used as traditional substitute of toxic materials phosgene, dimethyl sulfate and methyl chloride and so on. It can be used for synthesis of polycarbonate, diphenyl carbonate, isocyanate and allyl diglycol carbonate ester; it can also used for the synthesis of various kinds of carbamate pesticides such as carbaryl and so on; it can also be used as intermediate of organic synthesis such as anisole, dimethoxybenzene, alkylated aryl amines, symmetrical diamine urea, methyl carbazate and so on; in the pharmaceutical industry, it can be used for making amino oxazolidinone, ciprofloxacin, β-keto acid ester class pharmaceutical intermediates. In addition, it can be used as additives of gasoline, diesel fuel, the refrigerator oil and solvent.
Production method It can be produced through the reaction between methyl chloroformate ([79-22-1]) and methanol. The raw material, methyl chloroformate is produced from the reaction between methanol and phosgene. For the preparation, it is also plausible to have this phosgenation product been without isolation and add excess methanol for reflux reaction to synthesize dimethyl carbonate. The above reaction is called conventional phosgene method. 2 Transesterification methods: this is based on the transesterification between ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate and methanol which can also produce dimethyl carbonate. This method has a high yield, small equipment corrosion and mild reaction conditions. However, the source of raw materials is limited by the development of petrochemical industry and the elements utilization rate is low. 3. Oxidative carbonylation method: this is based on the reaction of methanol, carbon monoxide and oxygen in the catalyst for direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate. This method has a lot of advantages including easily available and cheap raw material, low toxicity and simple process. Therefore, it is the most promising approach. According to the technology conditions, it can be divided into liquid phase method and gas phase method. Gas phase can be further divided into one-step and two-step method, wherein the liquid phase of methanol oxidation-carbonylation method and the gas-phase oxidative carbonylation step method has been industrialized while the one-step way of gas-phase oxidative-carbonylation of methanol is still in development. 4. The synthesis reaction between methanol and CO2. This process route is still in development. 5. Synthesis method via reaction between methanol and urea. This process route is still in development.
Category Flammable liquid
Toxicity grading Low toxicity
Acute toxicity Oral-rat LD50: 13000 mg/kg; Oral-Mouse LD50: 6000 mg/kg.
Flammability and hazard characteristics It is flammable in case of fire, high temperature and oxidant with burning causing irritated fume.
Storage characteristics Treasury: ventilation, low-temperature and dry; store it separately from oxidants.
Extinguishing agent Dry powder dry sand, carbon dioxide, foam, 1211 fire extinguishing agent.
Chemical Properties Dimethyl carbonate is miscible with most acids and alkalis, soluble in most organic solvents, but insoluble in water.
Uses Dimethyl carbonate is used as a solvent in organic synthesis and considered as a replacement for solvent like methyl ethyl ketone, tert-butyl acetate and parachlorobenzotrifluoride. It is involved as an intermediate in the preparation of diphenylcarbonate, which in turn is used as a key raw material for the synthesis of Bisphenol-A-polycarbonate. It is also used as a 'green' methylating agent involved in the methylation of aniline, phenols and carboxylic acids. It can be used as a fuel additive due to its high oxygen content. It also finds applications related to supercapacitors and lithium batteries.
Uses Environmentally benign substitute for dimethyl sulfate, q.v., and methyl halides in methylation reactions and for phosgene, q.v., in methylcarbonylation reactions.
Definition ChEBI: Dimethyl carbonate is a carbonate ester that is carbonic acid in which both hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups. A flammable, colourless liquid (m.p. 2-4°C, b.p. 90°C) with a characterstic ester-like odour, it is used as a 'green' methylating agent and as a solvent. It has a role as a solvent and a reagent.
Preparation Dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is formed by the reaction of MeOH with phosgene or methyl chloroformate in the presence of a concentrated sodium hydroxide solution in a two-phase reaction in high yields and purity. Other alcohols can also be phosgenated. As DMC is now more easily accessible via the direct oxidative carbonylation of MeOH, phosgenation is losing its attractiveness in this application.
Synthesis Reference(s) The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 49, p. 1122, 1984 DOI: 10.1021/jo00180a033
Tetrahedron Letters, 15, p. 803, 1974
General Description Dimethyl carbonate appears as a clear, colorless liquid with a pleasant odor. Denser than water and slightly soluble in water. Vapors are heavier than air. Used to make other chemicals and as a special purpose solvent.
Air & Water Reactions Highly flammable. Slightly soluble in water.
Reactivity Profile Dimethyl carbonate reacts with acids to liberate heat along with methanol and carbon dioxide. Strong oxidizing acids may cause a vigorous reaction that is sufficiently exothermic to ignite the reaction products. Heat is also generated by the interaction with caustic solutions. Flammable hydrogen is generated by mixing with alkali metals and hydrides.
Hazard Flammable, dangerous fire risk. Toxic by inhalation, strong irritant.
Health Hazard May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.
Fire Hazard HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.
Flammability and Explosibility Highly flammable
Safety Profile Moderately toxic by intraperitoneal route. Mildly toxic by ingestion. An irritant. Violent reaction or ignition on contact with potassium-tertbutoxide. A very dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat, open flames (sparks), or oxiduers. To fight fire, use alcohol foam. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.
Purification Methods If the reagent has broad intense bands at 3300cm-1 and above (i.e. OH stretching), then it should be purified further. Wash it successively with 10% Na2CO3 solution, saturated CaCl2, H2O, and dry it by shaking mechanically for 1hour with anhydrous CaCl2, and fractionate. [Bowden & Butler J Chem Soc 78 1939, Vogel J Chem Soc 1847 1948, Beilstein 3 IV 3.]
Toxics Screening Level The initial threshold screening level (ITSL) for dimethyl carbonate is 300 μg/m3 based on an annual averaging time.