Description
Isopropylamine (propan-2-amine, IUPAC) is a colorless, volatile liquid. It is highly flammable, with a flammable range of 2%–10.4% in air. Boiling point is 93°F (33°C), flash point is 15°F (26°C), and ignition temperature is 756°F (402°C).
It is miscible with water, with a specific gravity of 0.69, which is lighter than water. Vapor density is 2.04, which is heavier than air. In addition to flammability, isopropylamine is a strong irritant to tissue and has a TLV of 5 ppm in air. The four-digit UN identification number is 1221. The NFPA 704 designation for isopropylamine is health 3, flammability 4, and reactivity 0. Primary uses for isopropylamine are pharmaceuticals, dyes, insecticides, and as a dehairing agent.
Chemical Properties
Isopropylamine is a colorless, flammable liquid. Isopropylamine is miscible
with water, alcohol, and ether.The odor threshold reportedly ranges from 0.21 to 0.70 ppm;
the pungent, ammoniacal odor becomes irritating at 24mg/m3
(110).
Physical properties
Colorless liquid with a penetrating, ammonia-like odor. Experimentally determined detection and
recognition odor threshold concentrations were 500 μg/m
3 (210 ppb
v) and 1.7 mg/m
3 (700 ppb
v),
respectively (Hellman and Small, 1974). An odor threshold concentration of 25 ppb
v was reported
by Nagata and Takeuchi (1990).
Occurrence
Not reported found in natu
Uses
Isopropylamine is used as a dehairing agentand as an intermediate in the preparation ofmany organics.
Uses
Solvent, intermediate in synthesis of rubber
accelerators, pharmaceuticals, dyes, insecticides,
bactericides, textile specialties, and surface-active
agents, dehairing agent, solubilizer for 2,4-D acid.
Uses
Isopropylamine is an organic compound is a widely used for the synthesis of pharmaceutical and agricultural goods such as glyphosphate herbicides and as an additive for petroleum industry. such as bentazon (BASF), Roundup (Monsanto), imazapyr (ACC) and the triazines ametryne (Novartis), atrazine (Novartis), desmetryn (Novartis), prometryn (Novartis), pramitol (Novartis), dipropetryn (Novartis), and propazine. Other applications encompass the nematicide fenamiphos (Bayer), the fungicide iprodione (Rhone-Poulenc), insecticides, pharmaceuticals, and surfactants.
Production Methods
Isopropylamine can be produced from the corresponding alcohol by reacting with
ammonia in the presence of a dehydrating catalyst, or from the chloride by
reacting with ammonia under pressure. It is also reported that this amine can be
produced from acetone and ammonia or from the acetone oxime (HSDB 1989).
Definition
ChEBI: A member of the class of alkylamines that is propane carrying an amino group at position 2.
Aroma threshold values
High strength odor; fishy type; recommend smelling in a 0.10% solution or less.
General Description
A clear colorless liquid with an ammonia-like odor. Flash point -35°F. Boiling point 90°F. Less dense than water Vapors heavier than air. Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion. Used as a solvent and to make other chemicals.
Air & Water Reactions
Highly flammable. Water soluble.
Reactivity Profile
Isopropylamine is a colorless, alkaline liquid, very volatile, moderately toxic, highly flammable. Dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat, flame, sparks, or strong oxidizers. When heated to decomposition Isopropylamine emits toxic fumes of oxides of nitrogen [M. K.]. A mixture of Isopropylamine and perchloryl fluoride resulted in an uncontrolled oxidation and/or explosion, [J. Org. Chem., 1980, 45, 4036]. The reaction of 1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane and the amine and most probably other nitrogen bases, yields a violent exotherm, [Chem. & Ind., 1971, 994].
Hazard
Highly flammable, dangerous fire risk.
Strong irritant to tissue.
Health Hazard
Isopropylamine is a strong irritant to theeyes, skin, and respiratory system. A shortexposure to 10–20 ppm can cause irritationof the nose and throat in humans (Procturand Hughes 1978). Prolonged exposure tohigh concentrations may lead to pulmonaryedema. Skin contact can cause dermatitisand skin burns. Exposure to 8000 ppm for4 hours was lethal to rats.
LD50 value, oral (mice): 2200 mg/kg.
Chemical Reactivity
Reactivity with Water No reaction; Reactivity with Common Materials: No reactions; Stability During Transport: Stable; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Not pertinent; Polymerization: Not pertinent; Inhibitor of Polymerization: Not pertinent.
Industrial uses
Isopropylamine can be used as a dehairing agent and as a solvent. It also finds use
as an intermediate in the production of insecticides, herbicides and bactericides
and in the production of pharmaceuticals, dyes and rubber accelerators (HSDB
1989).
Environmental Fate
Photolytic. Low et al. (1991) reported that the photooxidation of aqueous primary amine
solutions by UV light in the presence of titanium dioxide resulted in the formation of ammonium
and nitrate ions.
Chemical/Physical. Releases toxic nitrogen oxides when heated to decomposition (Sax and
Lewis, 1987). Forms water-soluble salts with acids.
Metabolism
One would expect isopropylamine to be readily absorbed from the gut and
respiratory tract. Shorter chain aliphatic amines such as isopropylamine also are
efficiently absorbed through the skin (Beard and Noe 1981). When administered
intravenously, isopropylamine distributed rapidly into tissue compartments with
tissue/plasma ratios ranging from 1.8 in the atrium to 16.7 in the renal medulla
(Privitera et al 1982). During the elimination phase, a half-life of 146 min was
observed in plasma. There do not appear to be any definitive metabolic studies
with this compound, however through a comparison with other substrates, one
might expect oxidation to acetone and ammonia through the action of monoamine
oxidase (Tipton 1980).
Toxics Screening Level
The Initial Risk Screening Level (IRSL) for isopropylamine is 120 μg/m3 based on an 8 hr. averaging time.
