Description
Pentobarbital (CRM) (Item No. 20966) is a certified reference material categorized as a barbiturate. Pentobarbital is regulated as a Schedule II compound in the United States. Pentobarbital (CRM) (Item No. 20966) is provided as a DEA exempt preparation. This product is intended for research and forensic applications.
Chemical Properties
A white or almost white, crystalline powder or colourless crystals
Originator
Nembutal,Abbott,US
Definition
ChEBI: A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.
Manufacturing Process
Sodium (9.6 parts) was dissolved in butanol (192 parts) and di-n-butyl ethyl 1-methyl-n-butylmalonate (62.8 parts) and urea (14.4 parts) were added to the warm solution with agitation. The mixture was then heated to reflux temperature in three quarters of an hour and maintained for 2 hours. The reaction mass was kept, water (150 parts) added, the aqueous portion separated, and the butanol layer extracted with water (3 x 50 parts). The combined aqueous extracts were then given 3 small extractions with benzene, the aqueous liquors separated, charcoaled, filtered and precipitated with concentrated hydrochloric acid (acid to congopaper). The solid was collected, washed with water, dissolved in N-sodium hydroxide and reprecipitated with carbon dioxide. On recrystallization, from aqueous alcohol, the pentobarbitone was obtained.
brand name
Nembutal(Ovation)[Name previously used: Pentobarbitone.];Aethaminalum;Barbityral;Barbopent;Burtylonel;Cafergot p.b.;Calpental;Di-barbs;Dipental;Distonocalm;Ergobel plus;Hypnol;Hypnotal;Hyptonal;Insom rapido;Isoamytal;Isom rapido;Iturate;Narcoren;Nembudeine;Nicaphlogyl;Novarectal;Nova-rectal;Novopentobarb;Novo-pentobarb;Or-trin;Palpent;Pembul;Penbon;Pentalgin;Pentanca;Pentodormol;Pentogen;Pentolos;Petab;Petonel;Praecicalm;Prodormol;Somnophyt;Somnotol;S-spac;Stopp-15;Wans;Wigraine-pb;Yastyl.
Therapeutic Function
Hypnotic, Sedative
World Health Organization (WHO)
Pentobarbital is a short-acting barbiturate which is controlled
under Schedule III of the 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances. See WHO
comment for barbiturates.
(Reference: (UNCPS3) United Nations Convention on Psychotropic Substances (III),
, , 1971)
Purification Methods
A solution of the sodium salt in 10% HCl is prepared, and the acid is extracted with ether. Evaporation of the extract gives a solid which is then purified by repeated crystallisation from CHCl3. It sublimes at 95-105o/10-12mm. [Bucket & Sandorfy J Phys Chem 88 3274 1984.] The (+)-and (-)-enantiomers crystallise from 50% aqueous EtOH with m 120-121o and have [] 25 +4.73o to –4.93o (EtOH) [Kleiderer & Shonle J Am Chem Soc 56 1772 1934]. [Beilstein 24
References
[1] BRYNDIS BIRNIR. Bicuculline, pentobarbital and diazepam modulate spontaneous GABAA channels in rat hippocampal neurons[J]. British Journal of Pharmacology, 2009, 131 4: 695-704. DOI:
10.1038/sj.bjp.0703621
