76-74-4

Name	Pentobarbitone
CAS	76-74-4
EINECS(EC#)	200-983-8
Molecular Formula	C11H18N2O3
MDL Number	MFCD00057561
Molecular Weight	226.27
MOL File	76-74-4.mol

Synonyms

5-ETHYL-5-[1-METHYLBUTYL]-2,4,6-TRIOXOHEXAHYDROPYRIMIDINE 5-ethyl-5-(1-methylbutyl)barbituric acid 5-ethyl-5-pentan-2-yl-1,3-diazinane-2,4,6-trione PENTOBARBITAL pentobarbitone 2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-Pyrimidinetrione, 5-ethyl-5-(1-methylbutyl)- 5-Ethyl-5-(1-methylbutyl)-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-pyrimidinetrione 5-Ethyl-5-(1-methylbutyl)barbituric acidcid 5-ethyl-5-(1-methylbutyl)-barbituricaci 5-Ethyl-5-(1-methylbutyl)malonylurea 5-Ethyl-5-(sec-pentyl)barbituric acid 5-ethyl-5-(sec-pentyl)barbituricacid 6(1h,3h,5h)-pyrimidinetrione,5-ethyl-5-(1-methylbutyl)-4 Barbituric acid, 5-ethyl-5-(1-methylbutyl)- barbituricacid,5-ethyl-5-(2-pentyl) component of Emesert Dorsital Ethaminal Ethyl-propylmethylcarbinylbarbituric acid ethyl-propylmethylcarbinylbarbituricacid

Chemical Properties

Appearance	A white or almost white, crystalline powder or colourless crystals
Melting point	129.5°C
Boiling point	367.89°C (rough estimate)
density	1.1376 (rough estimate)
refractive index	1.4620 (estimate)
Fp	9℃
storage temp.	2-8°C
solubility	Very slightly soluble in water, freely soluble in ethanol. It forms water-soluble compounds with alkali hydroxides and carbonates and with ammonia.
form	A neat solid
pka	pK1:8.11(0) (25°C)
Water Solubility	679 mg/L
CAS DataBase Reference	76-74-4(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference	Pentobarbital(76-74-4)
EPA Substance Registry System	76-74-4(EPA Substance)

Safety Data

Hazard Codes	T,F
Risk Statements	R25:Toxic if swallowed. R63:Possible risk of harm to the unborn child. R39/23/24/25:Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed . R36/38:Irritating to eyes and skin . R23/24/25:Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed . R11:Highly Flammable. less more
Safety Statements	S7:Keep container tightly closed . S16:Keep away from sources of ignition-No smoking . S36/37:Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves . S45:In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show label where possible) . S36/37/39:Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection . S22:Do not breathe dust . less more
RIDADR	UN 2811 6.1/PG 3
WGK Germany	3
RTECS	CQ5775000
HazardClass	6.1(b)
PackingGroup	III
HS Code	2933530000
Hazardous Substances Data	76-74-4(Hazardous Substances Data)
Toxicity	A barbiturate that causes CNS depression, apparently due to a facilitation of GABA-ergic inhibition. It appears that the site of action of pentobarbital may be the macromolecular complex made up of a GABA receptor, chloride channel, benzodiazepine-binding site, and picrotoxin-binding site. Barbiturates have been shown to compete for dihydropicrotoxinin-binding sites. In clinical use, barbiturates such as pentobarbital have been largely replaced as sedative-hypnotics by the much safer benzodiazepines. The sedative-hypnotic properties of barbiturates may lead to abuse, as tolerance and dependence are known to occur. In animals, pentobarbital is routinely used for its anesthetic and anticonvulsant properties, as well as for euthanasia. Pentobarbital, like other barbiturates, can induce the metabolism of other compounds by altering cytochrome P450 activity. The oral LD50 in rats is 118 mg/kg. less more

Hazard Information

Description

Pentobarbital (CRM) (Item No. 20966) is a certified reference material categorized as a barbiturate. Pentobarbital is regulated as a Schedule II compound in the United States. Pentobarbital (CRM) (Item No. 20966) is provided as a DEA exempt preparation. This product is intended for research and forensic applications.

Chemical Properties

A white or almost white, crystalline powder or colourless crystals

Originator

Nembutal,Abbott,US

Uses

Sedative-hypnotic.

Definition

ChEBI: A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.

Manufacturing Process

Sodium (9.6 parts) was dissolved in butanol (192 parts) and di-n-butyl ethyl 1-methyl-n-butylmalonate (62.8 parts) and urea (14.4 parts) were added to the warm solution with agitation. The mixture was then heated to reflux temperature in three quarters of an hour and maintained for 2 hours. The reaction mass was kept, water (150 parts) added, the aqueous portion separated, and the butanol layer extracted with water (3 x 50 parts). The combined aqueous extracts were then given 3 small extractions with benzene, the aqueous liquors separated, charcoaled, filtered and precipitated with concentrated hydrochloric acid (acid to congopaper). The solid was collected, washed with water, dissolved in N-sodium hydroxide and reprecipitated with carbon dioxide. On recrystallization, from aqueous alcohol, the pentobarbitone was obtained.

Brand name

Nembutal(Ovation)[Name previously used: Pentobarbitone.];Aethaminalum;Barbityral;Barbopent;Burtylonel;Cafergot p.b.;Calpental;Di-barbs;Dipental;Distonocalm;Ergobel plus;Hypnol;Hypnotal;Hyptonal;Insom rapido;Isoamytal;Isom rapido;Iturate;Narcoren;Nembudeine;Nicaphlogyl;Novarectal;Nova-rectal;Novopentobarb;Novo-pentobarb;Or-trin;Palpent;Pembul;Penbon;Pentalgin;Pentanca;Pentodormol;Pentogen;Pentolos;Petab;Petonel;Praecicalm;Prodormol;Somnophyt;Somnotol;S-spac;Stopp-15;Wans;Wigraine-pb;Yastyl.

Therapeutic Function

Hypnotic, Sedative

World Health Organization (WHO)

Pentobarbital is a short-acting barbiturate which is controlled under Schedule III of the 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances. See WHO comment for barbiturates. (Reference: (UNCPS3) United Nations Convention on Psychotropic Substances (III), , , 1971)

Purification Methods

A solution of the sodium salt in 10% HCl is prepared, and the acid is extracted with ether. Evaporation of the extract gives a solid which is then purified by repeated crystallisation from CHCl3. It sublimes at 95-105o/10-12mm. [Bucket & Sandorfy J Phys Chem 88 3274 1984.] The (+)-and (-)-enantiomers crystallise from 50% aqueous EtOH with m 120-121o and have [] 25 +4.73o to –4.93o (EtOH) [Kleiderer & Shonle J Am Chem Soc 56 1772 1934]. [Beilstein 24

Material Safety Data Sheet(MSDS)

Spectrum Detail

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