Description
Benzylpenicillin potassiumwas the first crystalline
penicillin produced on an industrial scale
, . It is produced in the pure state by the
addition of phenylacetate to a culture of Penicillium
chrysogenum. The crystalline benzylpenicillin
potassium contains 1598 U/mg.
Chemical Properties
Penicillin G potassium salt is also known as Potassium benzylpenicillin, it is white crystalline powder, odorless or slightly specific odor, hygroscopic. Soluble in water, physiological saline, glucose solution. The aqueous solution of it is easy to fail when placed at room temperature, and it will fail rapidly in the presence of acid, alkali, oxidant, etc. Penicillin G potassium salt has good antibacterial effect on Streptococcus such as Streptococcus hemolyticus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus without penicillinase.
Uses
Penicillin G is a narrow spectrum antibiotic derived from Streptococcus pneumoniae. Penicillin G potassium salt is used as a cell culture additive as an antibiotics. Use to inhibit the synthesis of bacterial cell walls by inhibition of the cell wall peptidoglycan chain cross-lining. It is the drug of choice for groups A, B, C and G streptococci, nonenterococcal group D streptococci, viridians group streptococci, and non-penicillinase producing staphylococcus. The potassium salt has been used to study murosomes of staphylococci and the penicillin-induced lysis of Streptococcus mutans.
Definition
ChEBI: Penicillin G potassium salt is organic potassium salt of benzylpenicillin. It is an antibiotic substance produced by Penicillium sp. Antibacterial. It contains a benzylpenicillin(1-).
Preparation
Penicillin G potassium salt is a highly effective and low toxicity antibiotic, which is obtained by salt formation of Chlorpheniramine maleate and maleic acid.
brand name
Pentids (Apothecon); Pfizerpen (Pfizer).
General Description
Penicillin G Potassium is the potassium salt form of penicillin G, a broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic. Penicillin G potassium binds to penicillin binding proteins (PBP), the enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of peptidoglycan, which is a critical component of the bacterial cell wall. This leads to the interruption of cell wall synthesis, consequently leading to bacterial cell growth inhibition and cell lysis.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Mode of Action: Penicillin G acts by inhibiting cell wall synthesis through binding to penicillin binding proteins (PBPs), inhibiting peptidoglycan chain cross-linking.
Antimicrobial spectrum: This product is active against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
Safety Profile
Poison by intracerebral andintravenous routes. Moderately toxic by intraperitonealroute. Mutation data reported. See other penicillin entries.When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes ofNOx and SOx.
Synthesis
Synthesis of (2S,5R,6R)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-(2-phenylacetamido)-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid as (2S,5R,6R)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-(2-phenylacetamido)-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2- Potassium carboxylate was performed in the following general steps: first, 1000 mL of the activated charcoal-treated extract (containing about 100,000 Oxford units of penicillin G/mL) was dissolved in n-butyl acetate. Subsequently, a 50% (w/w) aqueous solution of K2CO3 was added to this solution, ensuring that the molar amount of potassium in the mixture was about 1.0 equivalent of penicillin G. Next, a volume of liquid was evaporated by heating the mixture under vacuum using a rotary film evaporator (bath temperature 45-48°C) (see Table 1 for specific evaporation volumes). After evaporation was completed, methanol was added to the residue and stirred at 25°C for 1 hour. Afterwards, the suspension was filtered and the wet filter cake was washed with 70 mL of n-butyl acetate and finally the wet filter cake was dried. Table 1 details the total volume of evaporation and the volume of the aqueous layer in the distillate after the addition of penicillin G potassium salt to n-butyl acetate (values in parentheses), as well as the moisture content of the evaporated residue. All experiments yielded white penicillin G potassium crystals in high yields (defined as 100% relative to the penicillin content in the activated charcoal-treated extract) with limited loss of penicillin from the mother liquor. The penicillin G potassium content of the crystals obtained in Experiment 1 was 99.3%, indicating excellent quality of the crystals.
References
[1] Patent: WO2007/63107, 2007, A1. Location in patent: Page/Page column 7-8
[2] Patent: WO2007/63107, 2007, A1. Location in patent: Page/Page column 7
