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Levulinic acid

Chemical Properties Uses Application Preparation Content analysis Toxicity Usage limit

Levulinic acid

CAS No.123-76-2
Chemical Name:Levulinic acid
CBNumber:CB3213533
Molecular Formula:C5H8O3
Formula Weight:116.12
MOL File:123-76-2.mol

Levulinic acid Property

Melting point 30-33 °C (lit.)
Boiling point 245-246 °C (lit.)
Density 1.134 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor pressure 1 mm Hg ( 102 °C)
refractive index n20/D 1.439(lit.)
FEMA 2627 | LEVULINIC ACID
Flash point 280 °F
storage temp. Store below +30°C.
solubility 675g/l
form Liquid After Melting
pka pKa 4.65(H2O,t = 25,c=0.03-0.001) (Uncertain)
color Clear yellow
Odor at 100.00 %. sweet caramel acidic acetoin buttery
Odor Type caramellic
biological source synthetic
Water Solubility Soluble in water ( 675g/L at 20°C).
Sensitive Light Sensitive
Merck 14,5472
JECFA Number 606
BRN 506796
InChIKey JOOXCMJARBKPKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP -0.498
Surface tension 42.53mN/m at 298.15K
Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS) LEVULINIC ACID
FDA 21 CFR 172.515
CAS DataBase Reference 123-76-2(CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores 1
FDA UNII RYX5QG61EI
NIST Chemistry Reference Pentanoic acid, 4-oxo-(123-76-2)
EPA Substance Registry System Levulinic acid (123-76-2)
UNSPSC Code 85151701
NACRES NA.24

Safety

Hazard Codes :Xn,C
Risk Statements :22-36/37/38-34-R34-R22
Safety Statements :26-45-36/37/39-S45-S36/37/39-S26
RIDADR :3261
WGK Germany :3
RTECS :OI1575000
TSCA :Yes
HazardClass :8
PackingGroup :III
HS Code :29183000
Toxicity :LD50 orally in Rabbit: 1850 mg/kg LD50 dermal Rabbit > 5000 mg/kg

NFPA 704:

	1
3		1

Hazard and Precautionary Statements (GHS)

Symbol(GHS)
Signal wordDanger
Hazard statements H302-H317-H318
Precautionary statements P261-P264-P280-P301+P312-P302+P352-P305+P351+P338

Levulinic acid Price More Price(20)

Brand: Sigma-Aldrich(India)
Product number: W262706
Product name : Levulinic acid
Purity: ≥97%, FG
Packaging: 1SAMPLE-K
Price: ₹4990.33
Updated: 2022/06/14
Buy: Buy

Brand: Sigma-Aldrich(India)
Product number: W262706
Product name : Levulinic acid
Purity: ≥97%, FG
Packaging: 1KG
Price: ₹7458.43
Updated: 2022/06/14
Buy: Buy

Brand: Sigma-Aldrich(India)
Product number: W262706
Product name : Levulinic acid
Purity: ≥97%, FG
Packaging: 5KG
Price: ₹19160.25
Updated: 2022/06/14
Buy: Buy

Brand: Sigma-Aldrich(India)
Product number: W262706
Product name : Levulinic acid
Purity: ≥97%, FG
Packaging: 10KG
Price: ₹28707.9
Updated: 2022/06/14
Buy: Buy

Brand: Sigma-Aldrich(India)
Product number: W262706
Product name : Levulinic acid
Purity: ≥97%, FG
Packaging: 25KG
Price: ₹54125
Updated: 2022/06/14
Buy: Buy

Levulinic acid Chemical Properties,Usage,Production

Chemical Properties White flake crystals, hygroscopic. clear yellowish liquid after melting.It is easily soluble in water and alcohol, ether organic solvents.

Levulinic acid conventionally is derived from refined petroleum but technological advances now permit the production of levulinic acid from biomass. Suitable feedstocks from the forest industry include pulp and paper mill residues, sawmill and logging residues, and solid municipal waste. It takes approximately 2 kg of cellulose to produce 1 kg of levulinic acid (US Department of Energy 1998). Obtaining enough raw materials to support the production of levulinic acid from biomass is not a foreseeable concern; Canada currently produces over 75 million tonnes of logging residues annually which, in turn, could produce 19 million tonnes of levulinic acid.
Uses Levulinic acid is a biomass product and its derivatives, such as ethyl levulinate and alkyl levulinate, can be used as fuel additives.
levulinic acid is used for calcium levulinate in pharmaceuticals, as esters in solvents and plasticizers, and for making valerolactone. As its uses expand, it will probably be made from cellulosic wastes. Mesitonic acid, a homolog of levulinic acid is obtained by boiing mesityl oxide with KCN.
Hydrogenation of levulinic acid can produce other useful chemicals. Valeric-g-lactone, which is an effective solvent with extensive uses, can be obtained in very high yields. This compound may be hydrogenated to 1,4-pentandiol, which upon dehydration yields 1,3-pentadine (piperylene). Piperylene is known to polymerize to a rubbery mass and is therefore a source of synthetic rubber (Ghorpade and Hanna 1997).
Levulinic acid is a precursor for the synthesis of useful intermediates such as γ-valerolactone, ethyl levulinate, pentanoic acid and 2-methyl-tetrahydrofuran. Derivatization and esterification of levulinic acid results in potential biofuels.
It can also be used in:
The preparation of catalytic composite to synthesize 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and furfural.
The synthesis of a commercial fragrance, fraistone.
The synthesis of pyrrolidone derivatives via reductive amination.
The total synthesis of mycobacterial arabinogalactan.
Application It can be used as the raw materials of medicine, spices and paint, and used as solvent.
This product has wide applications. Levulinic acid can be used as both a carboxylic acid and can also be used as a ketone for reaction for making various kinds of products through esterification, halogenation, hydrogenation, oxidation dehydrogenation, condensation, etc., including resins, pharmaceuticals, spices, solvents, rubber and plastic additives, lubricants additives, surfactants and so on. In the pharmaceutical industry, its calcium salt (calcium fructose) can be used for intravenous injection. As a nutritional medicine, it helps to boost the formation of bone and maintain the normal excitability of nerves and muscles. It can also used for the production of indomethacin and plant hormones. Levulinic acid manufactured bisphenol acid can be made of water-soluble resin, used in the paper industry to produce filter paper. Levulinic acid is also an intermediate of pesticides and dyes.
Used for biochemical reagents, but also for organic synthesis
It can be used as an important chemical raw material or solvents. It can be used for the manufacturing of medicine (intravenous injection, indomethacin, etc.), resin (bisphenol acid water-soluble resin), spices (spices or tobacco spices), paint, paint, pesticides, and surfactants.
It can be used for biochemical research; manufacturing of esters and drugs. It is also the inhibitor of chlorophyll synthesis.
Preparation The residue during the manufacturing of furfural with cotton seed shell or corncob sugar (furfural residue) or waste taro residue, through pressured hydrolysis with dilute acid, can be used to produce levulinic acid. The furfural residue was added to 10% dilute hydrochloric acid, the solidified solution was 1: 1.75, mixed and put into the hydrolysis pot, steamed at a pressure of 0.2MPa for 8-10 h. The diluted solution is then filtered and concentrated to a concentration of about 50%. It is further subject to vacuum distillation for collecting the fraction above 130 ℃ (2.67kPa) to obtain the finished product. Raw material consumption quota: potato tacar 7,000 kg/t, hydrochloric acid (fold 100%) 1800kg/t. Another method is manufacturing through the rearrangement and hydrolysis of sugar alcohol.
4% hydrochloric acid solution was added to the reaction pot, stir and heat to 97-100 ℃, slowly add the mixture of furfuryl alcohol, ethanol and water. After addition, stir 30 min. The filtrate was concentrated at 80 ° C (21.3 kPa) under reduced pressure to give crude levulinic acid. Then apply vacuum distillation, collect the fraction of 160-170 ° C (2.67kPa), and then re-distill once, to obtain the refined levulinic acid with the yield of about 75%.
Content analysis Accurately weigh about 1.0 g of the sample, and put it into a 250ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 75~100ml water, add phenolphthalein test solution; apply 0.5 mol/L sodium hydroxide for titration to until it began to appear pink and maintain 15 s. Each mL of 0.5mol/L sodium hydroxide solution is equivalent to 58.08mg of the goods.
Toxicity GRAS (FEMA).
Usage limit FEMA (mg/kg): Beverage, cold drink, 14.0; Candy, baked goods, 53.0; Gelatin, pudding, 4.0.
FDA, §172.515 (2000): take proper amount as limit.
Description Levulinic acid has a tart, whiskey taste. It may be synthesized by the action of more or less concentrated HCL on sucrose, glucose, or fructose; hence, its reported presence in caramels.
Chemical Properties Levulinic acid has a tart, whiskey taste.
Physical properties Levulinic acid forms colorless crystals that are readily soluble in water, ethanol, and diethyl ether.
Occurrence Reported found in papaya, wheat bread, rice, sake and Chinese quince.
Uses Levulinic acid may be used as an analytical reference standard for the quantification of the analyte in the following:
Soy sauce using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC–MS).
Liquid food samples using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID).
Uses Replenisher (calcium).
Uses Levulinic acid is a precursor for the synthesis of useful intermediates such as γ-valerolactone, ethyl levulinate, pentanoic acid and 2-methyl-tetrahydrofuran. Derivatization and esterification of levulinic acid results in potential biofuels.
It can also be used in:
The preparation of catalytic composite to synthesize 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and furfural.
The synthesis of a commercial fragrance, fraistone.
The synthesis of pyrrolidone derivatives via reductive amination.
The total synthesis of mycobacterial arabinogalactan.
Preparation By action of more or less concentrated HCl on sucrose, glucose or fructose; hence, its reported presence in caramels.
Definition ChEBI: 4-oxopentanoic acid is an oxopentanoic acid with the oxo group in the 4-position. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a straight-chain saturated fatty acid and an oxopentanoic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a 4-oxopentanoate.
Taste threshold values Taste characteristics at 70 ppm: acidic, sweet, creamy and slight dairy.
Synthesis Reference(s) Tetrahedron Letters, 30, p. 5329, 1989 DOI: 10.1016/S0040-4039(01)93778-5
General Description Levulinic acid, an organic acid, is mainly used as a cigarette additive.