Description
Cadmium chloride is a cadium halide consisting of cadmium and chlorine. It is well soluble in water, methanol and ethanol. It can be used in photography, in dyeing, electroplating fabric printing and calico printing and for precipitating sulfide. It can be used for the manufacture of cadium sulfide, organocadium compound of the type R2Cd. It is manufactured through the reaction between anhydrous chlorine and hydrogen chloride gas with heated cadmium metal. It can also be made through the reaction between hydrochloric acid with cadmium oxide. However, it is a hazard to the environment, and should be limited for spread.
Uses
Cadmium chloride (CdCl2), a soluble crystal, is formed when cadmium metal is treated with
hydrochloric acid (Cd + 2HCl → CdCl2 + H2). CdCl2 is used in dyeing and printing textiles, in
electroplating baths, in photography, and as the ingredient for cadmium yellow in artists’ oil paint.
References
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_chloride
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Cadmium_dichloride#section=Top
Description
Cadmium chloride is a colourless and odourless crystal. It is used for the preparation of
cadmium sulphide, used as ‘cadmium yellow’, a brilliant-yellow pigment, which is stable
to heat and sulphide fumes. Cadmium chloride has a high solubility in water and is a
non-combustible solid, but the dust can be a moderate fire hazard when exposed to heat or
flame or when reacted with oxidising agents. It is incompatible with bromine trifluoride,
potassium oxidisers, zinc, selenium, tellurium, and hydrogen azide.
Chemical Properties
Cadmium chloride is a colorless, odorless,
crystalline solid, or powder.
Chemical Properties
Milky White free flowing crystalline powder
Physical properties
Colorless powder or crystal; hexagonal crystal system; hygroscopic; density 4.047 g/cm
3; melts at 560°C; vaporizes at 960°C; highly soluble in water (140 g/100g at 20°C), also soluble in acetone; slightly soluble in alcohol; insoluble in ether.
Uses
Preparation of cadmium standard; analysis of sulfides; testing of pyridine bases.
Uses
Used in a preparation of highly luminescent CdTe nanocrystals.1
Uses
Made by the action of hydrochloric acid on cadmium and
crystallization. The small white crystals are soluble in alcohol
and water. Cadmium chloride was used to make collodionchloride
printing-out emulsions, also known as leptographic
or aristotype papers.
Uses
Cadmium Chloride is used in the preparation of the stable inorganic pigment cadmium sulfide (Cadmium Yellow). Cadmium Chloride treatment of thin film CDTe solar cells is used to produce high-efficienc
y solar cells.. Cadmium Chloride is also used in the preparation of organocadmium compounds.
Preparation
Cadmium chloride may be prepared by heating the metal with chlorine or hydrogen chloride gas. In the solution, it is formed by treating the metal or its salts, such as oxide, hydroxide, carbonate, or sulfide with hydrochloric acid:
Cd + 2HCl → CdCl
2 + H
2CdO + 2HCl → CdCl
2 + H
2O
CdCO
3 + 2HCl → CdCl
2+ H
2O + CO
2The solution is evaporated and crystallized to yield a hydrated salt. The hydrated salt yields anhydrous cadmium chloride upon heating under hydrogen chloride or when refluxed with thionyl chloride.
Cadmium chloride also may be prepared by adding dry cadmium acetate to acetyl chloride in glacial acetic acid.
Production Methods
Cadmium chloride is manufactured in reaction of cadmium
metal, carbonate, sulfide, oxide, or hydroxide with hydrochloric
acid, followed by evaporation; it forms hydrated
salt. Commercial cadmium chloride is amixture of hydrates
that approximates to dihydrates. The commercial grade
available in the United States typically contains about
51% of cadmium. Liquid caddy contains 20.1% cadmium
chloride.
Definition
ChEBI: Cadmium dichloride is a cadmium coordination entity in which cadmium(2+) and Cl(-) ions are present in the ratio 2:1. Although considered to be ionic, it has considerable covalent character to its bonding.
General Description
Cadmium chloride is a white crystalline solid. Cadmium chloride is soluble in water. Cadmium chloride is noncombustible. The primary hazard of Cadmium chloride is that Cadmium chloride poses a threat to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit its spread to the environment. Cadmium chloride is used in photography, in fabric printing, in chemical analysis, and in many other uses.
Air & Water Reactions
Water soluble.
Reactivity Profile
Bromine trifluoride rapidly attacks the following salts: barium chloride, Cadmium chloride , calcium chloride, cesium chloride, lithium chloride, silver chloride, rubidium chloride, potassium bromide, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, rhodium tetrabromide, sodium bromide, sodium chloride, and sodium iodide [Mellor 2 Supp. 1:164, 165 1956].
Health Hazard
Ingestion causes gastroenteric distress, pain, and prostration. Sensory disturbances, liver injury, and convulsions have been observed in severe intoxications.
Fire Hazard
Literature sources indicate that Cadmium chloride is nonflammable.
Safety Profile
Confirmed human
carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic
and tumorigenic data. Poison by ingestion,
inhalation, skin contact, intraperitoneal,
subcutaneous, intravenous, and possibly
other routes. Human systemic effects by
ingestion: blood pressure, acute pulmonary
edema, hypermotility, diarrhea.
Experimental teratogenic and reproductive
effects. Human mutation data reported.
Reacts violently with BrF3 and K. When
heated to decomposition it emits very toxic
fumes of Cd and Cl-. See also CADMIUM
COMPOUNDS and CHLORIDES.
Potential Exposure
Cadmium chloride is used in dyeing
and printing of fabrics; in electronic component manufacture; in photography; used as a pesticide and in nonpasture
turf fungicides.
First aid
If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove anycontact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least15 min, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seekmedical attention immediately. If this chemical contacts theskin, remove contaminated clothing and wash immediatelywith soap and water. Seek medical attention immediately. Ifthis chemical has been inhaled, remove from exposure,begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions, including resuscitation mask) if breathing has stopped and CPR ifheart action has stopped. Transfer promptly to a medicalfacility. When this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention. Give large quantities of water and inducevomiting. Do not make an unconscious person vomit.Medical observation is recommended for 24-48 h afterbreathing overexposure, as pulmonary edema may bedelayed. As first aid for pulmonary edema, a doctor orauthorized paramedic may consider administering a corticosteroid spray.Note to physician: For severe poisoning do not use BAL[British Anti-Lewisite, dimercaprol, dithiopropanol(C3H8OS2)] as it is contraindicated or ineffective in poisoning from cadmium.
storage
Color Code—Blue: Health Hazard: Store in asecure poison location. Store in tightly closed containers.Avoid contact with strong acids and oxidizers or moisture.
Shipping
UN2570 Cadmium compounds, Hazard Class: 6.1;
Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required.
Purification Methods
Crystallise it from water (1mL/g) by addition of EtOH and cooling. [Pray Inorg Synth V 153 1957, Wagenknecht & Juza in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed. Brauer) Academic Press Vol II p 1093 1965.]
Incompatibilities
Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates,
nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine,
bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases,
strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides, sulfur, selenium,
potassium.
Waste Disposal
It is preferred to convert the
salt to the nitrate, precipitate it with H2S, filter, wash and
dry the precipitate and return it to the supplier.
