Chemical Properties
Dibasic calcium phosphate dihydrate is a white, odorless, tasteless
powder or crystalline solid. It occurs as monoclinic crystals.
Chemical Properties
white crystalline solid
Uses
Dicalcium phosphate dihydrate is only slightly soluble at ordinary temperatures of mixing and holding doughs and batters. As a result, it does not release acidity for reaction with soda until late in the baking stage, when the temperature reaches 135 to 140°F. Since DCP·2H20 does not begin to react below 135°F, and the interior structure of a baked product begins to firm at about 160°F, a product that bakes rapidly may not provide sufficient time for complete release of all the C02. DCP·2H2 0, therefore, cannot be used in biscuits, pancakes or any baked product that is completely baked in less than 20 min.
Dicalcium phosphate dihydrate is seldom used by itself in leavening systems but is usually combined with fasterreacting acidic phosphates. Its major applications are in cake mixes, frozen bread doughs, and other products requiring a half hour or more to complete baking. It has a low neutralizing value, and therefore more DCP·2H20 is required to neutralize a given amount of soda than for other phosphate-leavening acids.
Uses
Replenisher
(calcium); pharmaceutic aid (tablet base).
Uses
Dicalcium Phosphate, Dihydrate is a source of calcium and phosphorus that also functions as a dough conditioner and bleaching agent. It functions as a dough conditioner in bakery products, as a bleaching agent in flour, as a source of calcium and phosphorus in cereal products, and as a source of calcium for alginate gels. It contains approximately 23% calcium. It is practically insoluble in water. It is also termed dibasic calcium phosphate, dihydrate and calcium phosphate dibasic, hydrous. It is used in dessert gels, baked goods, cereals, and breakfast cereals.
Production Methods
Calcium phosphates are usually manufactured by reacting very pure
phosphoric acid with calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)
2 obtained from
limestone, in stoichiometric ratio in aqueous suspension followed
by drying at a temperature that will allow the correct hydration
state to be achieved. After drying, the coarse-grade material is
obtained by means of a classification unit; the fine particle-size
material is obtained by milling.
Definition
ChEBI: Calcium hydrogenphosphate dihydrate is a calcium salt and a hydrate.
brand name
CalStar (FMC); D.C.P. (Parke-Davis).
Pharmaceutical Applications
Dibasic calcium phosphate dihydrate is widely used in tablet
formulations both as an excipient and as a source of calcium and
phosphorus in nutritional supplements. It is one of the more
widely used materials, particularly in the nutritional/health food
sectors. It is also used in pharmaceutical products because of its
compaction properties, and the good flow properties of the coarsegrade
material. The predominant deformation mechanism of
dibasic calcium phosphate coarse-grade is brittle fracture and this
reduces the strain-rate sensitivity of the material, thus allowing
easier transition from the laboratory to production scale. However,
dibasic calcium phosphate dihydrate is abrasive and a lubricant is
required for tableting, for example about 1% w/w of magnesium
stearate or about 1% w/w of sodium stearyl fumarate is commonly
used.
Two main particle-size grades of dibasic calcium phosphate
dihydrate are used in the pharmaceutical industry. The milled
material is typically used in wet-granulated, roller-compacted or
slugged formulations. The ‘unmilled’ or coarse-grade material is
typically used in direct-compression formulations.
Dibasic calcium phosphate dihydrate is nonhygroscopic and
stable at room temperature. However, under certain conditions of
temperature and humidity, it can lose water of crystallization below
1008℃. This has implications for certain types of packaging and
aqueous film coating since the loss of water of crystallization
appears to be initiated by high humidity and by implication high
moisture vapor concentrations in the vicinity of the dibasic calcium
phosphate dihydrate particles.
Dibasic calcium phosphate dihydrate is also used in toothpaste
and dentifrice formulations for its abrasive properties.
Safety
Dibasic calcium phosphate dihydrate is widely used in oral
pharmaceutical products, food products, and toothpastes, and is
generally regarded as a nontoxic and nonirritant material. However,
oral ingestion of large quantities may cause abdominal
discomfort.
storage
Dibasic calcium phosphate dihydrate is a nonhygroscopic, relatively
stable material. However, under certain conditions the dihydrate
can lose water of crystallization. This has implications for both
storage of the bulk material and coating and packaging of tablets
containing dibasic calcium phosphate dihydrate.
The bulk material should be stored in a well-closed container in a
cool, dry place.
Purification Methods
Crystallise it from a near-saturated solution in 50% aqueous reagent grade phosphoric acid at 100o by filtering through fritted glass and cooling to room temperature. The crystals are filtered off, and this process is repeated three times using fresh acid. For the final crystallisation the solution is cooled slowly with constant stirring to give thin plate crystals that are filtered off on a fritted glass funnel, washed free of acid with anhydrous acetone and dry in a vacuum desiccator [Egan et al.J Am Chem Soc 78 1811 1956].
Incompatibilities
Dibasic calcium phosphate dihydrate should not be used to
formulate tetracycline antibiotics. Dibasic calcium phosphate
dihydrate has been reported to be incompatible with indomethacin, aspirin, aspartame, ampicillin, cephalexin, and
erythromycin. The surface of dibasic calcium phosphate
dihydrate is alkaline and consequently it should not be used
with drugs that are sensitive to alkaline pH.
Regulatory Status
GRAS listed. Accepted as a food additive in Europe. Included in the
FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (oral capsules and tablets).
Included in nonparenteral medicines licensed in Europe. Included in
the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients.
