Chemical properties
Colorless or slightly yellow transparent liquid, insoluble in water, it can form emulsion with water, soluble in various organic solvents.
Penetration enhancer
Laurocapram, also known as azone, lauric Lun, N-lauryl caprolactam, quinacridone, nitrogen ketone. Its chemical name is 1-n-dodecyl azetidin-2-one, which is a new high security penetration enhancer. It is colorless transparent liquid at room temperature, slightly viscous, odorless. It can form emulsion with water, soluble in various organic solvents, and it has good lubricity, which promote the hydrophilic and lipophilic drug product activity or cosmetics nutrients to penetrate into the skin, greatly reducing the drug remain time in the stratum corneum, significantly enhancing drug efficacy and cosmetic results. Thus, we can reduce the amount of primary medical and reduce costs. Azone transdermal absorption enhancing effect lags behind.
Laurocapram on hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs have significantly transdermal Aided role. It has good aided effect on many kinds of plant extracts in emulsion state or colloidal state, and alkaloids effect is particularly evident. Transdermal penetration is stronger than dimethyl sulfoxide. 8-bromo cyclic nucleotide containing 1% azone permeability effect is equivalent to 12 times the 50% dimethyl sulfoxide. Often in combination with propylene glycol, synergy, the best use of transdermal concentration of 0.1% to 5%, safe and low toxic, non-irritating. The chemical property is stable, and it is kept up to four years at the room temperature.
It can be considered a decyl methyl sulfoxide with pyrrolidone composite for good novel penetration enhancers, skin irritation. It can promote the drug through the skin barrier corticosteroids, indomethacin, fluorouracil, hydroquinone and many other drugs transdermal absorption, improving local and systemic blood concentration, and improving the bioavailability of the drug. Lipophilic, they have transdermal effect for hydrophilic drugs. It can soften the skin and enhance its permeability. They have anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-itching effect. Low toxicity, oral LD50> 7g/kg, it is not compatible with strong acids or Vaseline to avoid reduce the effect.
Application
Laurocapram is used as the penetration enhancer in cosmetic preparations and personal-care products. Laurocapram is combined as an excipient (an inert substance) not an active ingredient. Excipients are added to ensure that the shelf-life of the active ingredients can be long enough to be active until internal use. It can be used as a topical smear, massage penetration enhancers; pesticides, as a pro-absorbing agent and sterilization plant growth regulators, pesticides pro penetration; in addition, can be used for coloring and dyeing leather and other areas of accelerator.
References
http://www.chemicalland21.com/lifescience/foco/LAUROCAPRAM.htm
Uses
antifungal lipopeptide
Uses
Laurocapram is a useful intermediate.
Uses
Pharmaceutic aid (excipient).
Synthesis
Example 1: To a 1 liter reactor were sequentially added 34 g (0.3 mol) of caprolactam, 112 g (0.45 mol) of dodecyl bromide, 300 g of toluene, 3.4 g (3.3 mol %, based on caprolactam) of crystalline tetrabutylammonium hydrogensulphate (TBAHS), and 90 g (2.25 mol) of flaked sodium hydroxide. The resulting non-homogeneous mixture was stirred and reacted at 50°C for 10 hours. Upon completion of the reaction, the mixture was cooled to 40 °C, followed by addition of 135 g of water and continued stirring at the same temperature for 30 min. After the reaction solution was layered, the oil layer was separated and purified by distillation, and the fractions with boiling points ranging from 195°C to 200°C/3mmHg were collected to give 84.0 g of 1-dodecyl azepan-2-one (99.6% yield, based on caprolactam), with a by-production of 0.8 g of dodecyl ether (1.0% yield, based on bromododecane).
References
[1] Patent: US4812566, 1989, A
[2] Patent: US4973688, 1990, A
[3] JAOCS, Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 1996, vol. 73, # 7, p. 847 - 850
[4] Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1993, vol. 82, # 2, p. 214 - 219
