14,15-LEUKOTRIENE D4

Description

14,15-Leukotriene D₄ (14,15-LTD₄) is a member of an alternate class of LTs synthesized by a pathway involving the dual actions of 15- and 12-lipoxygenases (15- and 12-LOs) on arachidonic acid via 15-HpETE and 14,15-LTA₄ intermediates. 14,15-LTD₄ is classified as an eoxin (EXD₄), because it is formed mostly by eosinophils. However, mast cells and nasal polyps can synthesize 14,15-LTD₄ as well. Little is known about the physiological actions of 14,15-LTD₄. It has weak contractile activity on both guinea pig ileum and pulmonary parenchyma in contrast to the effects of 5-LO-derived LTs. However, in an in vitro permeability assay, 14,15-LTD₄ can increase vascular permeability of human endothelial cell monolayers, with similar potency to that of 5-LO-derived LTs, resulting in plasma leakage, a hallmark of inflammation.

Uses

Eoxin D4 is synthesized via the 15-lipoxygenase-1 pathway in human eosinophils. Eoxins are proinflammatory arachidonic acid metabolites produced by mast cells.

Definition

ChEBI: Eoxin D4 is a leukotriene that is the 14R-(S-cysteinylglycyl),15S-hydroxy derivative of (5Z,8Z,10E,12E)-icosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid. It has a role as a metabolite. It is a leukotriene and an eoxin. It is functionally related to a (5Z,8Z,10E,12E)-icosatetraenoic acid.