Description
Pazopanib Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of a small molecule inhibitor of multiple protein tyrosine kinases with potential antineoplastic activity. It is an oral second-generation multitarget TKI developed by GSK and approved for marketing by the FDA in 2009 and the EMA in 2010. It targets the VEGFR, platelet-derived growth factor receptor, and c-kit, key proteins responsible for tumor growth and survival. It is used to treat patients with advanced RCC and advanced soft tissue sarcoma who have experienced chemotherapy. Pazopanib Hydrochloride has a role as an antineoplastic agent, a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and an angiogenesis-modulating agent.
Originator
GlaxoSmithKline (US)
Uses
Pazopanib Hydrochloride (GW786034) is a novel multi-target inhibitor of VEGFR1, VEGFR2, VEGFR3, PDGFR, FGFR, c-Kit and c-Fms with IC50 of 10 nM, 30 nM, 47 nM, 84 nM, 74 nM, 140 nM and 146 nM, respectively - See more at: http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Pazopanib-Hyd
Definition
Pazopanib Hydrochloride is used for treatment of kidney cancer. Pazopanib is the latest VEGFR kinase inhibitor to reach the market. It is indicated for the oral treatment of advanced RCC. The biological functions of the VEGF family are mediated by activation of three structurally homologous tyrosine kinase receptors, VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, and VEGFR3.
Clinical Use
Pazopanib is a potent and selective multi-targeted receptor
tyrosine kinase inhibitor of VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3,
PDGFR-a/b, and c-kit that blocks tumor growth and inhibits angiogenesis.
It was approved for renal cell carcinoma by the U.S. Food
and Drug Administration in 2009 and is marketed under the trade
name Votrient by the drug’s manufacturer, GlaxoSmithKline.
Side effects
Pazopanib is synthesized in five chemical steps
starting from 3-methyl-6-nitroindazole, which is converted to the corresponding
2,3-dimethylindazole analog via N-methylation with trimethyloxonium
tetrafluoroborate. Subsequent reduction of the nitro group to
the amino group using tin chloride followed by condensation with 2,4dichloropyrimidine
yields a chloropyrimidinylaminoindazole intermediate.
The final two steps leading up to pazopanib consist of an N-methylation
reaction using iodomethane and cesium carbonate followed by
condensation with 5-amino-2-methylbenzenesulfonamide.
Synthesis
The
synthesis of pazopanib begins with methylation of 3-methyl-6-
nitroindazole (82) with trimethyl orthoformate in the presence of BF3¤OEt to give indazole 83 in 65% yield. Reduction
of the nitro group was achieved via transfer hydrogenation to give
84 in 97% yield, and this was followed by coupling the aniline with
2,4-dichloropyrimidine in a THF-ethanol mixture at elevated
temperature to provide diarylamine 85 in 90% yield. The aniline
nitrogen was then methylated using methyl iodide to give 86 in
83% yield prior to coupling with 5-amino-2-methylbenzenesulfonamide
(87) and salt formation using an alcoholic solution of
HCl to furnish pazopanib hydrochloride (XIV) in 81% yield.
References
[1] Sodeifian, G. et al. “Solubility of pazopanib hydrochloride (PZH, anticancer drug) in supercritical CO2: Experimental and thermodynamic modeling.” The Journal of Supercritical Fluids 55 1 (2022): 0.
[2] “Stability Indicating HPTLC Method Development and Validation for the Estimation of Pazopanib Hydrochloride in Bulk and its Dosage Form.” International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 18 1 (2020).
[3] K. Kawasaki . “Retrospective Safety Analysis in Advanced Soft Tissue Sarcoma Patients of Pazopanib Hydrochloride.” Annals of Oncology 24 (2013): Page ix38.
[4] Gupta, Amit and Rashmi Dahima. “Application of Simplex Lattice Mixture design and desirability function in the development and Optimization of SEDDS for protein kinase inhibitor-Pazopanib Hydrochloride.” Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology 83 1 (2023): 0.
