n-Butyronitril

Bezeichnung:n-Butyronitril

CAS-Nr109-74-0

Englisch Name:BUTYRONITRILE

CBNumberCB0436355

SummenformelC4H7N

Molgewicht69.11

MOL-Datei109-74-0.mol

Synonyma

Butyronitril

n-Butyronitril

Butannitril

n-Butyronitril physikalisch-chemischer Eigenschaften

Schmelzpunkt	−112 °C(lit.)
Siedepunkt	115-117 °C(lit.)
Dichte	0.794 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Dampfdichte	2.4 (vs air)
Dampfdruck	23 mm Hg ( 25 °C)
Brechungsindex	n20/D 1.384(lit.)
Flammpunkt	62 °F
storage temp.	Flammables area
Löslichkeit	slightly soluble in water; soluble in alcohol, ether and dimethylformamide
Aggregatzustand	Liquid
Farbe	Clear
Wasserlöslichkeit	Miscible with benzene, alcohol, ether and dimethylformamide. Slightly soluble in water.
Merck	14,1597
BRN	1361452
Expositionsgrenzwerte	TLV-TWA 22.5 mg/m³ (8 ppm) (NIOSH).
Dielectric constant	20.7（21℃）
Stabilität	Stable. Combustible. Substances to be avoided include strong acids, strong bases, strong oxidizing agents and strong reducing agents.
LogP	0.401 at 30℃
CAS Datenbank	109-74-0(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA chemische Informationen	Butanenitrile (109-74-0)

Sicherheit

Kennzeichnung gefährlicher	T,F
R-Sätze:	10-23/24/25-11
S-Sätze:	45-63-36/37-16
RIDADR	UN 2411 3/PG 2
OEB	A
OEL	TWA: 8 ppm (22 mg/m3)
WGK Germany	1
RTECS-Nr.	ET8750000
Selbstentzündungstemperatur	910 °F
Hazard Note	Toxic
TSCA	Yes
HazardClass	3
PackingGroup	II
HS Code	29269095
Giftige Stoffe Daten	109-74-0(Hazardous Substances Data)
Toxizität	LD50 orally in rats: 0.14 g/kg (Smyth)

Gefahreninformationscode (GHS)

BUTYRONITRILE Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden

ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
FARBLOSE FLüSSIGKEIT MIT CHARAKTERISTISCHEM GERUCH.
PHYSIKALISCHE GEFAHREN
Die Dämpfe mischen sich leicht mit Luft. Bildung explosionsfähiger Gemische.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Zersetzung beim Verbrennen, bei Kontakt mit heißen Oberflächen, Flammen oder Säuren unter Bildung giftiger und ätzender Rauche mit Cyanwasserstoffund Stickstoffoxiden. Reagiert sehr heftig mit starken Säuren, starken Basen, starken Oxidationsmittelnund starken Reduktionsmitteln.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV nicht festgelegt (ACGIH 2005).
MAK nicht festgelegt (DFG 2005).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den Körper durch Verschlucken, durch Inhalation und über die Haut.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Beim Verdampfen bei 20°C kann schnell eine gesundheitsschädliche Kontamination der Luft eintreten; viel schneller jedoch beim Versprühen oder Dispergieren.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION:
Der Dampf reizt leicht die Augen, die Haut und die Atemwege. Möglich sind Auswirkungen auf die Zellatmung (Hemmung) mit nachfolgenden Krämpfen, Herzfunktionsstörungenund Atemversagen. Exposition gegenüber hohen Konzentrationen kann zum Tod führen. Die Auswirkungen treten u.U. verzögert ein. ärztliche Beobachtung notwendig.
LECKAGE
Zündquellen entfernen. Ausgelaufene Flüssigkeit möglichst in abdichtbaren Behältern sammeln. Reste mit Sand oder inertem Absorptionsmittel aufnehmen und an einen sicheren Ort bringen. NICHT in die Umwelt gelangen lassen. Persönliche Schutzausrüstung: Umgebungsluftunabhängiges Atemschutzgerät.
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R10:Entzündlich.
R23/24/25:Giftig beim Einatmen, Verschlucken und Berührung mit der Haut.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn möglich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
Chemische Eigenschaften
colourless liquid
Chemische Eigenschaften
n-Butyronitrile has a sharp suffocating odor. Forms cyanide in the body. Butyronitrile [109-74-0], propyl cyanide, butanenitrile, CH3(CH2)2CN, is a colorless liquid slightly miscible with water, miscible with ethanol and diethyl ether. The physical properties are listed in Table 1. Butyronitrile is usually obtained by the catalytic gase-phase reaction of butanol or butyraldehyde with ammonia. Its major use is the manufacture of the poultry drug amprolium.
Verwenden
Basic material in industrial, chemical, and pharmaceutical intermediates and products; poul- try medicines.
Verwenden
Butyronitrile is used as a chemical intermediate.
Verwenden
Butyronitrile serves as an intermediate in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. It is also involved in the preparation of n-butylamine, butanamide and butyric acid. It acts as a precursor to the poultry drug amprolium. Further, it reacts with phosphorochloridic acid diethyl ester to prepare (1-cyano-propyl)-phosphonic acid diethyl ester. It is also employed to study the effect of stereochemical factors on intervalence charge transfer. In addition to this, it is used in electrolyte composition in dye-sensitized solar cells.
Vorbereitung Methode
n-Butyronitrile is prepared from 1-butanol by controlled cyanation with NH₃ at 300°C in the presence of Ni-Al₂0₃ or zinc phosphide catalysts.
Definition
ChEBI: A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a propyl group.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
A clear colorless liquid. Flash point 76°F. Less dense than water. Vapors heavier than air. Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion. Used in the manufacture of other chemicals.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Highly flammable. Slightly soluble in water.
Reaktivität anzeigen
BUTYRONITRILE can react vigorously with oxidizing reagents, when heated to decomposition, BUTYRONITRILE emits highly toxic fumes of cyanides and oxides of nitrogen [Sax, 9th ed., 1996, p. 609]. Nitriles may polymerize in the presence of metals and some metal compounds. They are incompatible with acids; mixing nitriles with strong oxidizing acids can lead to extremely violent reactions. Nitriles are generally incompatible with other oxidizing agents such as peroxides and epoxides. The combination of bases and nitriles can produce hydrogen cyanide. Nitriles are hydrolyzed in both aqueous acid and base to give carboxylic acids (or salts of carboxylic acids). These reactions generate heat. Peroxides convert nitriles to amides. Nitriles can react vigorously with reducing agents. Acetonitrile and propionitrile are soluble in water, but nitriles higher than propionitrile have low aqueous solubility. They are also insoluble in aqueous acids.
Hazard
Flammable, dangerous fire risk.
Health Hazard
n-Butyronitrile is considered a highly hazardous material and full precautions should be used to prevent skin contact or inhalation of the vapor. Inhaled n-butyronitrile is about 2.4 times as toxic as acetonitrile. In order to protect workers, the recommended TWA limit is obtained by dividing that for acetonitrile by the factor 2.4. NIOSH has therefore recommended that employee exposure should not exceed 8 ppm (v/v) (22 mg/m³) compound as a TLV-TWA.
Health Hazard
Dizziness, rapid respirations, headache, drowsiness, drop in blood pressure and pulse, delayed symptoms. May cause cyanosis (blue-grey coloring of skin and lips due to lack of oxygen)
Health Hazard
Butyronitrile showed moderate to high toxicity on test animals. It is an acute toxicant by all routes: inhalation, ingestion, and absorption through skin. The target organs are the liver, kidney, central nervous system, lungs, and sense organs, as well as the peripheral nerve. Its toxicity is on the same order as that of propionitrile; its inhalation toxicity is slightly lower than that of propionitrile, and its oral toxicity is slightly greater than that of propionitrile.
Inhalation can cause nausea, respiratory distress, and damage to liver. Willhite (1981) reported a LC50 value of 249 ppm in mice from 1 hour exposure to its vapor. It produced ataxia, dyspnea, and corneal damage in test animals when given intraperitoneally. The toxic symptoms from subcutaneous applications are tremor, dyspnea, respiratory depression, and spastic paralysis. It is toxic only at low levels by skin absorption.
LD50 value, oral (mice): 27.7 mg/kg
There is no report on its teratogenicity. The reproductive effect of this compound is expected to be similar to that of propionitrile.
Brandgefahr
Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic cyanide fumes
Flammability and Explosibility
Highly flammable
Industrielle Verwendung
n-Butyronitrile is used as an industrial solvent, an intermediate in the chemical industry and in poultry medicines.
Sicherheitsprofil
A poison by ingestion, skin contact, intraperitoneal, and subcutaneous routes. Moderately toxic by inhalation. Experimental reproductive data. A skin irritant. Dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat, flame, or oxidizers. To fight fire, use alcohol foam. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx and CN-.
läuterung methode
Treat it with conc HCl until the smell of the isonitrile had gone, then dry with K2CO3 and fractionally distil [Turner J Chem Soc 1681 1956]. Alternatively it is twice heated at 75o and stirred for several hours with a mixture of 7.7g Na2CO3 and 11.5g KMnO4 per L of butyronitrile. The mixture is cooled, then distilled. The middle fraction is dried over activated alumina. [Schoeller & Wiemann J Am Chem Soc 108 22 1986, Beilstein 2 IV 806.]
Waste disposal
Burning in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber is the most effective way to destroy the compound. Oxidation with ethanolic–KOH can convert butyronitrile to nonhazardous cyanate.

BUTYRONITRILE Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte

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