Description
ReQuip was launched in the UK as a monotherapy or in combination with
low-dose levodopa for the treatment of early-stage idiopathic Parkinson's disease.
An eight step (24% overall yield) synthesis from isochroman provides access to
ropinirole. It is a non-ergot postsynaptic dopamine D2 agonist with activity in the
extrapyramidal system. It has weak or no significant activity at α2-adrenergic, 5-HT2
receptors and is inactive at 5-HT1, benzodiazepine, GABA, α1 and β adrenoreceptors.
Thus it has essentially no CNS side effects, fewer dyskinesias and on-off fluctuations.
In animals, it was able to reverse all motor deficits induced by MPTP. Tolerance is
not developed and ropinirole has similar postsynaptic potency to apomorphine but
with significantly less stereotyped behavior.
Chemical Properties
Off-White Solid
Originator
SmithKline Beecham (UK)
Uses
An antiparkinsonian agent. A selective dopamine D2-receptor agonist
Uses
antiparkinsonian;non-ergoline D2, D3, and D4 dopamine receptor agonist with highest affinity for D3
Definition
ChEBI: Ropinirole hydrochloride is a member of indoles.
Brand name
Requip (GlaxoSmithKline).
General Description
Ropinirole hydrochloride,4-(2-(dipropylamino)ethyl)indolin-2-one hydrochloride(Requip), is a white to pale greenish yellow powder that isvery soluble in water. Ropinirole is rapidly absorbed afteroral administration with maximal plasma concentrationsgenerally reached after about 1.5 hours, and the eliminationhalf-life appears to be approximately 3 hours. Ropinirole isalso rapidly and extensively distributed from the vascularcompartment and shows low plasma protein binding that isindependent of its plasma concentration. This drug iscleared by metabolism in the liver, with only 10% being excretedunchanged. The main metabolite of ropinirole is theN-despropyl metabolite. The glucuronide of this metaboliteand the carboxylic acid metabolite, 4-carboxymethylindolin-2-one, account only for 10% of the administered dose.None of the metabolites is pharmacologically active, and theexcretion of ropinirole-derived products is mainly via theurine. The main CYP450 isozyme involved in the metabolismof ropinirole is CYP1A2. Inhibitors or inducers ofthis enzyme have been shown to alter the clearance ofropinirole.Ropinirole is believed to act as an agonist atpostsynaptic D2 receptors. Ropinirole is indicated for thetreatment of the signs and symptoms of idiopathic PD andmoderate to severe primary RLS.
Biological Activity
Selective D 2 -like receptor agonist (D 3 > D 2 > D 4 ). Causes biphasic spontaneous locomotor activity and contralateral circling in 6-OHDA-lesioned mice. Displays antiParkinsonian activity.
Biochem/physiol Actions
An agonist at the D2 and D3 dopamine receptor subtypes, binding with higher affinity to D3 than to D2 or D4. It has negligible effect on D1-receptors. It has medium in vitro affinity to opioid receptors. Ropinirole is said to have virtually no affinity to 5-HT1, 5-HT2, benzodiazepine, GABA, muscarinic, α1-, α2-, and β-adrenoreceptors. Used as antiparkinsonian drug.
storage
Room temperature (desiccate)
References
[1] R.J. EDEN . Preclinical pharmacology of ropinirole (SK&F 101468-A) a novel dopamine D2 agonist[J]. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 1991, 38 1: Pages 147-154. DOI:
10.1016/0091-3057(91)90603-y
