6713-27-5

White crystalline needles; m. p. 210±2128C; [a]D 25: + 298 (c 0.41, CHCl3); IR (CHCl3): nmax = 3514 to 2800 (COOH), 1731 (COOH), 1695 (CO), 1457 cm-1 (C = C). EI :m/z (rel. int.) = 454 [M+, C30H46O3] (13), 410 (53), 408 (9), 248 (33), 235 (87), 191 (97), 189 (95), 163 (30), 119 (35), 95 (39), 69 (30). 1H-NMR (CDCl3, 300 MHz): d = 12.00 ± 10.00 (1H, COOH), 5.16 (1H, s, H-19), 2.47 (2H, m, H-2), 2.27 ± 2.04 (m), 1.98 (2H, m, H-1), 1.70 ± 1.20 (CH and CH2), 1.08, 1.03, 1.02, 1.00, 0.97, 0.94, 0.79 (21H, 7 s, 7CH3). 13C-NMR (CDCl3, 75 MHz, multiplicities by the DEPT pulse sequences): d = 218.2 (s, C-3), 182.3 (s, C-28), 136.5 (s, C-18), 133.2 (d, C-19), 54.8 (d, C-5), 50.4 (d, C-9), 47.9 (s, C-17), 47.2 (s, C-4), 42.5 (s, C-14), 41.4 (d, C-13), 40.5 (s, C-8), 39.8 (t, C-1), 36.9 (s, C-10), 34.0 (t, C-7), 33.8 (t, C-2), 33.5 (t, C-22), 33.4 (t, C-21), 33.3 (t, C-16), 32.0 (s, C-20), 30.3 (q, C-29), 29.3 (t, C-15), 29.0 (q, C-30), 26.8 (q, C-24), 26.0 (t, C-12), 21.4 (t, C-11), 20.9 (q, C-23), 19.6 (t, C6), 16.4 (q, C-26), 15.8 (q, C-25), 14.8 (q, C-27).

Moronic Acid and its derivatives can have antidiabetic activity by inhibiting PTP-1B. Moronic Acid is also shown sustained antidiabetic and antihyperglycemic action possibly mediated by an insulin sensitization in rat models.

ChEBI: A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is olean-18-ene substituted at position 3 by an oxo group and position 28 by a carboxy group.

Moronic acid is a fatty acid found in the seeds of Morus alba. It has been shown to have anti-infective properties by binding to the bacterial efflux protein, which is responsible for transporting toxic compounds out of the cell. The binding of moronic acid to the efflux protein prevents it from functioning and leads to increased expression of proinflammatory genes, ultimately leading to cell death. Moronic acid has also been shown to bind to a receptor on Staphylococcus aureus that is responsible for regulating virulence factors, leading to decreased production of proteins such as coagulase and proteases. Moronic acid also binds with oleanolic acid and inhibits the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro.

NLRP3

[1] MKHUSELI KOKI. Phytochemical Investigation and Biological Studies on Selected Searsia Species.[J]. Plants-Basel, 2022. DOI: 10.3390/plants11202793
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[3] SHUILIANG RUAN  Li Z. Moronic acid improves intestinal inflammation in mice with chronic colitis by inhibiting intestinal macrophage polarization[J]. Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology, 2022, 36 11. DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23188
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