62025-49-4

Ginsenoside F₂ is a ginsenoside that has been found in P. ginseng and has diverse biological activities. It increases the proliferation of human hair dermal papilla cells (HHDPCs) and HaCaT human keratinocytes when used at concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, and 1 μM. Ginsenoside F₂ (0.5 and 2.5 mg/kg) induces hair growth and increases hair density following depilation in mice. It is cytotoxic to U373MG glioblastoma cells in vitro (IC₅₀ = 50 μg/ml) and reduces tumor growth in a U373MG mouse xenograft model when administered at a dose of 35 mg/kg every other day. Ginsenoside F₂ (1 mg/ear) reduces ear edema induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (TPA; Item No. 10008014) in mice. It is a human intestinal bacterial metabolite of ginsenoside Rb₁ (Item No. 15319) via the intermediate ginsenoside Rd (Item No. 15329).

Ginsenoside F2 is a bioactive metabolite of the ginsenoside component of Panax ginseng with the ability to regulate element-binding protein cleavage activating protein and transforming growth factor-β pathways. This control over apoptosis can lead to a control over hair growth and hair loss in mammals.

ChEBI: A ginsenoside found in Panax species that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 20 have been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranosides, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.