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2'-Deoxyuridine 5'-monophosphate disodium salt is a nucleoside analog that inhibits the synthesis of DNA and RNA by inhibiting the enzyme thymidylate synthase, which prevents the formation of dTMP from deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate. 2'-Deoxyuridine 5'-monophosphate disodium salt has been shown to be effective in treating squamous cell cancer and hyperproliferative diseases such as chronic myelogenous leukemia. 2'-Deoxyuridine 5'-monophosphate disodium salt is also used as an antiviral agent against HIV, herpes simplex virus, and varicella zoster virus.

2?-Deoxyuridine 5?-monophosphate (dUMP) is used by the enzyme thymidylate synthetase (TS) (EC 2.1.1.45) for the de novo production of dTMP. dUMP is used as the reference substrate in studies of dUMP analogues in potential chemotherapy applications.

2′-Deoxyuridine 5′-monophosphate disodium salt (dUMP) conversion to pyrimidine is inhibited by methotrexate. The inhibition of dUMP to deoxythymidine monophosphate (dTMP) at the methylation step is a key in controlling bacterial and eukaryotic cell growth.