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AP39 is a compound used to increase the levels of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) within mitochondria. It consists of a mitochondria-targeting motif (triphenylphosphonium) coupled to an H₂S-donating moiety (dithiolethione) by an aliphatic linker. AP39 (30-300 nM) dose-dependently increases H₂S levels in endothelial cells, predominantly in mitochondrial regions. It stimulates mitochondrial electron transport and improves cellular bioenergetic function at lower concentrations (30-100 nM), while having an inhibitory effect at 300 nM. Under oxidative stress conditions induced by glucose oxidase, AP39 has antioxidant and cytoprotective effects. AP39 is effective in vivo, inhibiting voltage-dependent T-type calcium channels and improving hemodynamic parameters in rats.

AP39 is a compound used to increase the level of hydrogen sulphide within the mitochondria because of the presence of the mitochondria targeting motif (triphenylphosphonium). Also used as a photosensitizer, hydrogen sulfide donor, thioredoxin inhibitor or nitroxide combination use in photodynamic therapy.

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[1] LENKA TOMASOVA . Effects of AP39, a novel triphenylphosphonium derivatised anethole dithiolethione hydrogen sulfide donor, on rat haemodynamic parameters and chloride and calcium Cav3 and RyR2 channels[J]. Nitric oxide?: biology and chemistry, 2015, 46: Pages 131-144. DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2014.12.012