GHS--Globally Harmonized System
About the GHS
In 2003, the United Nations (UN) adopted the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS). The GHS includes criteria for the classification of health, physical and environmental hazards, as well as specifying what information should be included on labels of hazardous chemicals as well as safety data sheets. The official text of the GHS can be found on the UN web page.
The primary benefit of the GHS is to increase the quality and consistency of information provided to workers, employers and chemical users by adopting a standardized approach to hazard classification, labels and safety data. The GHS provides a single set of harmonized criteria for classifying chemicals according to their health and physical hazards and specifies hazard communication elements for labeling and safety data sheets. Under the GHS, labels would include signal words, pictograms, and hazard and precautionary statements and safety data sheets would have standardized format.
GHS mainly focuses on Hazard Statement and Precautionary Statement.
GHS labels have 6 basic information, as shown in the figure.
1. Product identification : A product identifier is used to disclose the chemical's or product's name.
2. Signal word : The signal word, such as "Danger," or "Warning," is used to indicate the hazard level. Danger indicates the most serious hazard level, while Warning indicates a lower level of risk.
3. Pictograms : A pictogram, or GHS hazard symbol, is a visual representation of hazardous products. Pictograms are used to group products according to risk level, including health risks, chemical/physical risks, and environmental risks.
4. Hazard statements : Hazard statements are used to describe the degree of hazard and the nature of the hazardous material. they may be identified using a H-code (e.g., H367).
5. Precautionary statements – Precautionary statements are phrases included with a hazard statement that provide information about preventative, response, storage, and disposal precautions that should be taken when handling or using the hazardous material. they may be identified using a P-code (e.g., P230).
6. Manufacturer information : GHS labels must include the manufacturer's name, as well as contact information including an address and phone number.
If necessary, additional information can be added. Place on the right side of supplier information
GHS Hazard Statement and Hazard Codes
GHS hazard statement means a standard phrase assigned to a hazard class and category to describe the nature and severity of a chemical hazard. Each hazard statement is designated a code, starting with the letter H and followed by 3 digits.
- H2xx: Physical hazards;
- H3xx: Health hazards;
- H4xx: Environmental hazards.
Physical hazards
| H200 | Unstable explosives |
| H201 | Explosive; mass explosion hazard |
| H202 | Explosive, severe projection hazard |
| H203 | Explosive; fire, blast or projection hazard |
| H204 | Fire or projection hazard |
| H205 | May mass explode in fire |
| H220 | Extremely flammable gas |
| H221 | Flammable gas |
| H222 | Extremely flammable aerosol |
| H223 | Flammable aerosol |
| H224 | Extremely flammable liquid and vapour |
| H225 | Highly flammable liquid and vapour |
| H226 | Flammable liquid and vapour |
| H227 | Combustible liquid |
| H228 | Flammable solid |
| H240 | Heating may cause an explosion |
| H241 | Heating may cause a fire or explosion |
| H242 | Heating may cause a fire |
| H250 | Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air |
| H251 | Self-heating: may catch fire |
| H252 | Self-heating in large quantities; may catch fire |
| H260 | In contact with water releases flammable gases which may ignite spontaneously |
| H261 | In contact with water releases flammable gas |
| H270 | May cause or intensify fire; oxidizer |
| H271 | May cause fire or explosion; strong oxidizer |
| H272 | May intensify fire; oxidizer |
| H280 | Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated |
| H281 | Contains refrigerated gas; may cause cryogenic burns or injury |
| H290 | May be corrosive to metals |
Health hazards
| H300 | Fatal if swallowed |
| H301 | Toxic if swallowed |
| H302 | Harmful if swallowed |
| H303 | May be harmful if swallowed |
| H304 | May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways |
| H305 | May be harmful if swallowed and enters airways |
| H310 | Fatal in contact with skin |
| H311 | Toxic in contact with skin |
| H312 | Harmful in contact with skin |
| H313 | May be harmful in contact with skin |
| H314 | Causes severe skin burns and eye damage |
| H315 | Causes skin irritation |
| H316 | Causes mild skin irritation |
| H317 | May cause an allergic skin reaction |
| H318 | Causes serious eye damage |
| H319 | Causes serious eye irritation |
| H320 | Causes eye irritation |
| H330 | Fatal if inhaled |
| H331 | Toxic if inhaled |
| H332 | Harmful if inhaled |
| H333 | May be harmful if inhaled |
| H334 | May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled |
| H335 | May cause respiratory irritation |
| H336 | May cause drowsiness or dizziness |
| H340 | May cause genetic defects |
| H341 | Suspected of causing genetic defects |
| H350 | May cause cancer |
| H351 | Suspected of causing cancer |
| H360 | May damage fertility or the unborn child |
| H361 | Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child |
| H361d | Suspected of damaging the unborn child |
| H361e | May harm unborn children |
| H361f | Suspected of impaired Fertility |
| H361g | May impair Fertility |
| H362 | May cause harm to breast-fed children |
| H370 | Causes damage to organs |
| H371 | May cause damage to organs |
| H372 | Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure |
| H373 | May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure |
| H300 + H310 | Fatal if swallowed or in contact with skin |
| H300 + H330 | Swallowing or inhaling to death |
| H310 + H330 | Death from skin contact or inhalation |
| H300 + H310 + H330 | Swallowing, skin contact or inhalation to death |
| H301 + H311 | Poisoning if swallowed or in contact with skin |
| H301 + H331 | Poisoning if swallowed or inhaled |
| H311 + H331 | Skin contact or inhalation can cause poisoning |
| H301 + H311 + H331 | Swallowing, skin contact or inhalation can cause poisoning |
| H302 + H312 | Harmful if swallowed or in contact with skin |
| H302 + H332 | Harmful if swallowed or inhaled |
| H312 + H332 | Harmful in skin contact or inhalation |
| H302 + H312 + H332 | Harmful if swallowed, in contact with skin or inhaled |
| H303 + H313 | May be harmful if swallowed or in contact with skin |
| H303 + H333 | May be harmful if swallowed or inhaled |
| H313 + H333 | May be harmful in contact with skin or inhalation |
| H303 + H313 + H333 | Swallowing, skin contact or inhalation may be harmful |
| H315 + H320 | Cause skin and eye irritation |
Environmental hazards
| H400 | Very toxic to aquatic organisms. |
| H401 | Toxic to aquatic organisms |
| H402 | Harmful to aquatic organisms. |
| H410 | Very toxic to aquatic organisms and has long-term effects. |
| H411 | Toxic to aquatic organisms and has long-term effects. |
| H412 | Harmful to aquatic organisms and has long-term effects. |
| H413 | May cause long-term and sustained harmful effects on aquatic organisms. |
| H420 | Harming public health and the environment by destroying the upper atmospheric ozone layer |
GHS Precautionary Statement and Precautionary Codes
GHS precautionary statement means a standard phrase that describes measures to minimize or prevent adverse effects of a chemical. Each precautionary statement is designated a code, starting with the letter P and followed by 3 digits.
- P1xx: general precautionary statement;
- P2xx: prevention precautionary statement;
- P3xx: response precautionary statement;
- P4xx: storage precautionary statement;
- P5xx: disposal precautionary statement;
General Precautionary Statements
| P101 | If medical advice is needed,have product container or label at hand. |
| P102 | Keep out of reach of children. |
| P103 | Read label before use. |
Prevention Precautionary Statements
| P201 | Obtain special instructions before use. |
| P202 | Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood. |
| P210 | Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. — No smoking. |
| P211 | Do not spray on an open flame or other ignition source. |
| P220 | Keep/Store away from clothing/…/combustible materials. |
| P221 | Take any precaution to avoid mixing with combustibles/… |
| P222 | Do not allow contact with air. |
| P223 | Keep away from any possible contact with water, because of violent reaction and possible flash fire. |
| P230 | Keep wetted with … |
| P231 | Handle under inert gas. |
| P232 | Protect from moisture. |
| P233 | Keep container tightly closed. |
| P234 | Keep only in original container. |
| P235 | Keep cool. |
| P240 | Ground/bond container and receiving equipment. |
| P241 | Use explosion-proof electrical/ventilating/lighting/…/equipment. |
| P242 | Use only non-sparking tools. |
| P243 | Take precautionary measures against static discharge. |
| P244 | Keep reduction valves free from grease and oil. |
| P250 | Do not subject to grinding/shock/…/friction. |
| P251 | Pressurized container: Do not pierce or burn, even after use. |
| P260 | Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. |
| P261 | Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. |
| P262 | Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing. |
| P263 | Avoid contact during pregnancy/while nursing. |
| P264 | Wash hands thoroughly after handling. |
| P264 | Wash skin thouroughly after handling. |
| P270 | Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. |
| P271 | Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. |
| P272 | Contaminated work clothing should not be allowed out of the workplace. |
| P273 | Avoid release to the environment. |
| P280 | Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. |
| P281 | Use personal protective equipment as required. |
| P282 | Wear cold insulating gloves/face shield/eye protection. |
| P283 | Wear fire/flame resistant/retardant clothing. |
| P284 | Wear respiratory protection. |
| P285 | In case of inadequate ventilation wear respiratory protection. |
| P231+P232 | Handle under inert gas. Protect from moisture. |
| P235+P410 | Keep cool. Protect from sunlight. |
Response Precautionary Statements
| P301 | IF SWALLOWED: |
| P304 | IF INHALED: |
| P305 | IF IN EYES: |
| P306 | IF ON CLOTHING: |
| P307 | IF exposed: |
| P308 | IF exposed or concerned: |
| P309 | IF exposed or if you feel unwell: |
| P310 | Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. |
| P311 | Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. |
| P312 | Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell. |
| P313 | Get medical advice/attention. |
| P314 | Get medical advice/attention if you feel unwell. |
| P315 | Get immediate medical advice/attention. |
| P320 | Specific treatment is urgent (see … on this label). |
| P321 | Specific treatment (see … on this label). |
| P322 | Specific measures (see …on this label). |
| P330 | Rinse mouth. |
| P331 | Do NOT induce vomiting.. |
| P332 | IF SKIN irritation occurs: |
| P333 | If skin irritation or rash occurs: |
| P334 | Immerse in cool water/wrap n wet bandages. |
| P335 | Brush off loose particles from skin. |
| P336 | Thaw frosted parts with lukewarm water. Do not rub affected area. |
| P337 | If eye irritation persists: |
| P338 | Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. |
| P340 | Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. |
| P341 | If breathing is difficult, remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. |
| P342 | If experiencing respiratory symptoms: |
| P350 | Gently wash with plenty of soap and water. |
| P351 | Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. |
| P352 | Wash with plenty of soap and water. |
| P353 | Rinse skin with water/shower. |
| P360 | Rinse immediately contaminated clothing and skin with plenty of water before removing clothes. |
| P361 | Remove/Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. |
| P362 | Take off contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. |
| P363 | Wash contaminated clothing before reuse. |
| P370 | In case of fire: |
| P371 | In case of major fire and large quantities: |
| P372 | Explosion risk in case of fire. |
| P373 | DO NOT fight fire when fire reaches explosives. |
| P374 | Fight fire with normal precautions from a reasonable distance. |
| P376 | Stop leak if safe to do so. Oxidising gases (section 2.4) 1 |
| P377 | Leaking gas fire: Do not extinguish, unless leak can be stopped safely. |
| P378 | Use … for extinction. |
| P380 | Evacuate area. |
| P381 | Eliminate all ignition sources if safe to do so. |
| P390 | Absorb spillage to prevent material damage. |
| P391 | Collect spillage. Hazardous to the aquatic environment |
| P301+P310 | IF SWALLOWED: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. |
| P301+P312 | IF SWALLOWED: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician IF you feel unwell. |
| P301+P330+P331 | IF SWALLOWED: Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. |
| P302+P334 | IF ON SKIN: Immerse in cool water/wrap in wet bandages. |
| P302+P350 | IF ON SKIN: Gently wash with plenty of soap and water. |
| P302+P352 | IF ON SKIN: wash with plenty of soap and water. |
| P303+P361+P353 | IF ON SKIN (or hair): Remove/Take off Immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse SKIN with water/shower. |
| P304+P312 | IF INHALED: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell. |
| P304+P340 | IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and Keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. |
| P304+P341 | IF INHALED: If breathing is difficult, remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. |
| P305+P351+P338 | IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. |
| P306+P360 | IF ON CLOTHING: Rinse Immediately contaminated CLOTHING and SKIN with plenty of water before removing clothes. |
| P307+P311 | IF exposed: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. |
| P308+P313 | IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention. |
| P309+P311 | IF exposed or if you feel unwell: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. |
| P332+P313 | IF SKIN irritation occurs: Get medical advice/attention. |
| P333+P313 | IF SKIN irritation or rash occurs: Get medical advice/attention. |
| P335+P334 | Brush off loose particles from skin. Immerse in cool water/wrap in wet bandages. |
| P337+P313 | IF eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention. |
| P342+P311 | IF experiencing respiratory symptoms: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. |
| P370+P376 | in case of fire: Stop leak if safe to Do so. |
| P370+P378 | In case of fire: Use … for extinction. |
| P370+P380 | in case of fire: Evacuate area. |
| P370+P380+P375 | in case of fire: Evacuate area. Fight fire remotely due to the risk of explosion. |
| P371+P380+P375 | in case of major fire and large quantities: Evacuate area. Fight fire remotely due to the risk of explosion. |
Storage Precautionary Statements
| P401 | Store |
| P402 | Store in a dry place. |
| P403 | Store in a well-ventilated place. |
| P404 | Store in a closed container. |
| P305+P351+P338 | IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. |
| P405 | Store locked up. |
| P406 | Store in corrosive resistant/ container with a resistant inner liner. |
| P407 | Maintain air gap between stacks/pallets. |
| P410 | Protect from sunlight. |
| P411 | Store at temperatures not exceeding oC/oF. |
| P412 | Do not expose to temperatures exceeding 50 oC/ 122 oF. |
| P413 | Store bulk masses greater than kg/lbs at temperatures not exceeding oC/oF. |
| P420 | Store away from other materials. |
| P422 | Store contents under |
| P402+P404 | Store in a dry place. Store in a closed container. |
| P403+P233 | Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed. |
| P403+P235 | Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep cool. |
| P410+P403 | Protect from sunlight. Store in a well-ventilated place. |
| P410+P412 | Protect from sunlight. Do not expose to temperatures exceeding 50 oC/122oF. |
| P411+P235 | Store at temperatures not exceeding oC/oF. Keep cool |
Disposal Precautionary Statements
| P501 | Dispose of contents/container to..… |
| P502 | Refer to manufacturer/supplier for information on recovery/recycling |
Hazard Category
Risk Assessment
| 1 | Explosive when dry. |
| 2 | Risk of explosion by shock, friction, fire or other sources of ignition. |
| 3 | Extreme risk of explosion by shock, friction, fire or other sources of ignition. |
| 4 | Forms very sensitive explosive metallic compounds. |
| 5 | Heating may cause an explosion. |
| 6 | Explosive with or without contact with air. |
| 7 | May cause fire. |
| 8 | Contact with combustible material may cause fire. |
| 9 | Explosive when mixed with combustible material. |
| 10 | Flammable. |
| 11 | Highly flammable. |
| 12 | Extremely flammable. |
| 14 | Reacts violently with water. |
| 14/15 | Reacts violently with water, liberating highly flammable gases. |
| 15 | Contact with water liberates extremely flammable gases. |
| 15/29 | Contact with water liberates toxic, highly flammable gas. |
| 16 | Explosive when mixed with oxidizing substances. |
| 17 | Spontaneously flammable in air. |
| 18 | In use, may form flammable/explosive vapour-air mixture. |
| 19 | May form explosive peroxides. |
| 20 | Harmful by inhalation. |
| 20/21 | Harmful by inhalation and in contact with skin. |
| 20/21/22 | Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. |
| 20/22 | Harmful by inhalation and if swallowed. |
| 21 | Harmful in contact with skin. |
| 21/22 | Harmful in contact with skin and if swallowed. |
| 22 | Harmful if swallowed. |
| 23 | Toxic by inhalation. |
| 23/24 | Toxic by inhalation and in contact with skin. |
| 23/24/25 | Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. |
| 23/25 | Toxic by inhalation and if swallowed. |
| 24 | Toxic in contact with skin. |
| 24/25 | Toxic in contact with skin and if swallowed. |
| 25 | Toxic if swallowed. |
| 26 | Very toxic by inhalation. |
| 26/27 | Very toxic by inhalation and in contact with skin. |
| 26/27/28 | Very toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. |
| 26/28 | Very toxic by inhalation and if swallowed. |
| 27 | Very toxic in contact with skin. |
| 27/28 | Very toxic in contact with skin and if swallowed. |
| 28 | Very toxic if swallowed. |
| 29 | Contact with water liberates toxic gas. |
| 30 | Can become highly flammable in use. |
| 31 | Contact with acids liberates toxic gas. |
| 32 | Contact with acids liberates very toxic gas. |
| 33 | Danger of cumulative effects. |
| 34 | Causes burns. |
| 35 | Causes severe burns. |
| 36 | Irritating to eyes. |
| 36/37 | Irritating to eyes and respiratory system. |
| 36/37/38 | Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. |
| 36/38 | Irritating to eyes and skin. |
| 37 | Irritating to respiratory system. |
| 37/38 | Irritating to respiratory system and skin. |
| 38 | Irritating to skin. |
| 39 | Danger of very serious irreversible effects. |
| 39/23 | Toxic : danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation. |
| 39/23/24 | Toxic : danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation and in contact with skin. |
| 39/23/24/25 | Toxic : danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. |
| 39/23/25 | Toxic : danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation and if swallowed. |
| 39/24 | Toxic : danger of very serious irreversible effects in contact with skin. |
| 39/24/25 | Toxic : danger of very serious irreversible effects in contact with skin and if swallowed. |
| 39/25 | Toxic : danger of very serious irreversible effects if swallowed. |
| 39/26 | Very toxic : danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation. |
| 39/26/27 | Very toxic : danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation and in contact with skin. |
| 39/26/27/28 | Very toxic : danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. |
| 39/26/28 | Very toxic : danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation and if swallowed. |
| 39/27 | Very toxic : danger of very serious irreversible effects in contact with skin. |
| 39/27/28 | Very toxic : danger of very serious irreversible effects in contact with skin and if swallowed. |
| 39/28 | Very toxic : danger of very serious irreversible effects if swallowed. |
| 40 | Possible risks of irreversible effects. |
| R40/20 | Harmful : possible risk of irreversible effects through inhalation. |
| R40/20/21 | Harmful : possible risk of irreversible effects through inhalation and in contact with skin. |
| R40/20/21/22 | Harmful : possible risk of irreversible effects through inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. |
| R40/20/22 | Harmful : possible risk of irreversible effects through inhalation and if swallowed. |
| R40/21 | Harmful : possible risk of irreversible effects in contact with skin. |
| R40/21/22 | Harmful : possible risk of irreversible effects in contact with skin and if swallowed. |
| R40/22 | Harmful : possible risk of irreversible effects if swallowed |
| R41 | Risk of serious damage to eyes. |
| R42 | May cause sensitization by inhalation. |
| R42/43 | May cause sensitization by inhalation and skin contact. |
| R43 | May cause sensitization by skin contact. |
| R44 | Risk of explosion if heated under confinement. |
| R45 | May cause cancer. |
| R46 | May cause heritable genetic damage. |
| R47 | May cause birth defects. |
| R48 | Danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure. |
| R48/20 | Harmful : danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation. |
| R48/20/21 | Harmful : danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation and in contact with skin. |
| R48/20/21/22 | Harmful : danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inh.,in contact with skin and if swallowed |
| R48/20/22 | Harmful : danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation and if swallowed. |
| R48/21 | Harmful : danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure in contact with skin. |
| R48/21/22 | Harmful : danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure in contact with skin and if swallowed. |
| R48/22 | Harmful : danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure if swallowed. |
| R48/23 | Toxic : danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation. |
| R48/23/24 | Toxic : danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation and in contact with skin. |
| R48/23/24/25 | Toxic : danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inh.,in contact with skin and if swallowed |
| R48/23/25 | Toxic : danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation and if swallowed. |
| R48/24 | Toxic : danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure in contact with skin. |
| R48/24/25 | Toxic : danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure in contact with skin and if swallowed. |
| R48/25 | Toxic : danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure if swallowed. |
| R49 | May cause cancer by inhalation. |
| R50 | Very toxic to aquatic organisms. |
| R50/53 | Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. |
| R51 | Toxic to aquatic organisms. |
| R51/53 | Toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. |
| R52 | Harmful to aquatic organisms. |
| R52/53 | Harmful to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. |
| R53 | May cause long-term adverse effects in aquatic environment. |
| R54 | Toxic to flora. |
| R55 | Toxic to fauna. |
| R56 | Toxic to soil organisms. |
| R57 | Toxic to bees. |
| R58 | May cause long-term adverse effects in the environment. |
| R59 | Dangerous for the ozon layer. |
| R60 | May impair fertility. |
| R61 | May cause harm to the unborn child. |
| R62 | Possible risk of impaired fertility. |
| R63 | Possible risk of harm to the unborn child. |
| R64 | May cause harm to breastfed babies. |
| R65 | Harmfull may cause lung damage if swallowed |
Safety Statements
Safety phrases, or S-phrases, consist of the letter S followed by a number. S-phrases denote the appropriate safety precautions and measures to take in order to safely work with hazardous chemicals in the workplace.
Safety Statements
| S1 | Keep locked up. |
| S2 | Keep out of the reach of children. |
| S3 | Keep in a cool place. |
| S4 | Keep away from living quarters. |
| S5 | Keep contents under … (appropriate liquid to be specified by the manufacturer). |
| S6 | Keep under … (inert gas to be specified by the manufacturer). |
| S7 | Keep container tightly closed. |
| S8 | Keep container dry. |
| S9 | Keep container in a well-ventilated place. |
| S12 | Do not keep container sealed. |
| S13 | Keep away from food, drink and animal feeding stuffs. |
| S14 | Keep away from … (incompatible materials to be indicated by the manufacturer). |
| S15 | Keep away from heat. |
| S16 | Keep away from sources of ignition – No smoking. |
| S17 | Keep away from combustible material. |
| S18 | Handle and open container with care. |
| S20 | When using do not eat or drink. |
| S21 | When using do not smoke. |
| S22 | Do not breathe dust. |
| S23 | Do not breathe gas/fumes/vapor/spray (appropriate wording to be specified by the manufacturer). |
| S24 | Avoid contact with skin. |
| S25 | Avoid contact with eyes. |
| S26 | In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. |
| S27 | Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. |
| S28 | After contact with skin, wash immediately with plenty of … (to be specified by the manufacturer). |
| S29 | Do not empty into drains. |
| S30 | Never add water to this product. |
| S33 | Take precautionary measures against static discharges. |
| S35 | This material and its container must be disposed of in a safe way. |
| S36 | Wear suitable protective clothing. |
| S37 | Wear suitable gloves. |
| S38 | In case of insufficient ventilation, wear suitable respiratory equipment. |
| S39 | Wear eye/face protection. |
| S40 | To clean the floor and all objects contaminated by this material, use … (to be specified by the manufacturer). |
| S41 | In case of fire and/or explosion, do not breathe fumes. |
| S42 | During fumigation/spraying, wear suitable respiratory equipment (appropriate wording to be specified by the manufacturer). |
| S43 | In case of fire, use … (indicate in the space the precise type of fire-fighting equipment. If water increases the risk, add – Never use water). |
| S45 | In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label where possible). |
| S46 | If swallowed, seek medical advice immediately and show this container or label. |
| S47 | Keep at temperature not exceeding …°C (to be specified by the manufacturer). |
| S48 | Keep wetted with … (appropriate material to be specified by the manufacturer). |
| S49 | Keep only in the original container. |
| S50 | Do not mix with … (to be specified by the manufacturer). |
| S51 | Use only in well-ventilated areas. |
| S52 | Not recommended for interior use on large surface areas. |
| S53 | Avoid exposure – obtain special instructions before use. |
| S56 | Dispose of this material and its container at hazardous or special waste collection point. |
| S57 | Use appropriate container to avoid environmental contamination. |
| S59 | Refer to manufacturer/supplier for information on recovery/recycling. |
| S60 | This material and its container must be disposed of as hazardous waste. |
| S61 | Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions/Safety data sheets. |
| S62 | If swallowed do not induce vomiting：seek medical advice immediately and show this container or label. |
| S1/2 | Keep locked up and out of reach of children. |
| S24/25 | Avoid contact with skin and eyes. |
| S36/37 | Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves. |
| S36/37/39 | Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. |
| S37/39 | Very toxic by inhalation and if swallowed. |
| S47/49: | Keep only in the original container at temperature not exceeding …°C (to be specified by the manufacturer). |
| S3/7: | Keep container tightly closed in a cool place. |
| S29/56: | Do not empty into drains, dispose of this material and its container at hazardous or special waste collection point. |
GHS Pictogram and Hazard Class and Hazard Category
GHS Pictogram and Hazard Category
| Description | Pictogram | Hazard class and hazard category |
|
GHS01 Exploding Bomb |
|
Unstable explosives |
| Explosives of Divisions 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4 | ||
| Self reactive substances and mixtures, Types A,B | ||
| Organic peroxides, Types A,B | ||
|
GHS02 Flammables |
 |
Flammable gases, category 1 |
| Flammable aerosols, categories 1,2 | ||
| Flammable liquids, categories 1,2,3 | ||
| Flammable solids, categories 1,2 | ||
| Self-reactive substances and mixtures, Types B,C,D,E,F | ||
| Pyrophoric liquids, category 1 | ||
| Pyrophoric solids, category 1 | ||
| Self-heating substances and mixtures, | ||
| Substances and mixtures, which in contact with water, emit flammable gases, categories 1,2,3 | ||
| Organic peroxides, Types B,C,D,E,F | ||
|
GHS03 Flame Over Circle |
 |
Oxidizing gases, category 1 |
| Oxidizing liquids, categories 1,2,3 | ||
|
GHS04 Gas Cylinder |
 |
Gases under pressure: |
| Compressed gases | ||
| Liquefied gases | ||
| Refrigerated Liquefied gases | ||
| Dissolved gases | ||
|
GHS05 Corrosion |
 |
Corrosive to metals, category 1 |
| Skin corrosion, categories 1A,1B,1C | ||
| Serious eye damage, category 1 | ||
|
GHS06 Skull and Crossbones |
 |
Acute toxicity (oral, dermal, inhalation), categories 1,2,3 |
|
GHS07 Exclamation Mark |
 |
Acute toxicity (oral, dermal, inhalation), category 4 |
| Skin irritation, category 2 | ||
| Eye irritation, category 2 | ||
| Skin sensitisation, category 1 | ||
| Specific Target Organ Toxicity – Single exposure, category 3 | ||
|
GHS08 Health Hazard |
 |
Respiratory sensitization, category 1 |
| Germ cell mutagenicity, categories 1A,1B,2 | ||
| Carcinogenicity, categories 1A,1B,2 | ||
| Reproductive toxicity, categories 1A,1B,2 | ||
| Specific Target Organ Toxicity – Single exposure, categories 1,2 | ||
| Specific Target Organ Toxicity – Repeated exposure, categories 1,2 | ||
| Aspiration Hazard, category 1 | ||
|
GHS09 Environment |
 |
Hazardous to the aquatic environment |
| Acute hazard, category1 | ||
| Chronic hazard, categories 1,2 |