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Niobium oxide (N2O5), also named as niobium pentoxide, is used in metallurgy to produce hard materials. Niobium pentoxide is added to the glass during the production of optical lenses to make the lenses lighter, thinner and with greater resilience. At the same time, niobium pentoxide increases the refractive index of optical glasses. In electronics, niobium pentoxide is used to produce multi-layered ceramic capacitors with high capacity and for the preparation of electroacoustic or electrooptical components such as LiNbO3 and KNbO3 or ferroelectric ceramics such as Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3. It is further used in making cathodes, as pigment in printing, packaging and solid fuels, in food processing industry as dietary supplements, and in the production of powder metallurgy products.

white crystalline powder

White orthogonal crystals; density 4.60 g/cm³; melts at 1,512°C; insoluble in water; soluble in hydrofluoric acid.

Niobium(V) oxide is used in metallurgy, electronics, optics, and the production of hard materials.
Applied in the solid state formation of an unusual cation deficient perovskite, Ba7Nb4MoO20.
Promising results were obtained using niobium(V) oxide as an alternate electrode to lithium metal in advanced fuel cells.
Niobium Oxide (Nb2O5) is a new electrode material with pseudocapacitive charge storage being introduced to the market for the first time as a potential anode material.

Niobium pentoxide is produced as an intermediate during recovery of Nb metal from ores (See niobium).
Also, the pentoxide may be produced by igniting niobium metal powder, niobium carbide, or niobium fluoride in oxygen.

Niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5) increases both the refractive index of optical glasses and the capacity of multi-layered ceramic capacitors (MLCCs). In contrast to lead oxide, niobium pentoxide poses no health risks.

Nonflammable

The screening level for niobium oxide is 0.1 μg/m3 based on annual averaging.

[1] https://www.azonano.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=3405
[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobium_pentoxide
[3] https://www.hcstarck.com
[4] Michel A. Aegerter, Michael Schmitt, and Yeping Guo, Sol-gel niobium pentoxide coatings: Applications to photovoltaic energy conversion and electrochromism, International Journal of Photoenergy, 2002, vol. 4
[5] https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
[6] I. RYSHCHENKO. Electrochemical Synthesis of Crystalline Niobium Oxide[J]. Materials Science Forum, 2021, 182 1 1: 51-60. DOI:10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.1038.51.
[7] SCOTT B. FICARRO. Niobium(V) Oxide (Nb2O5): Application to Phosphoproteomics[J]. Analytical Chemistry, 2008, 80 12: 4606-4613. DOI:10.1021/ac800564h.