Метилянтарной кислота

Описание

Methylsuccinic acid is a normal metabolite found in human fluids and is an intermediate metabolite in the breakdown of fatty acids. Increased urinary levels of methylsuccinic acid (together with ethylmalonic acid) are the main biochemical measurable features in ethylmalonic encephalopathy.

Химические свойства

white to beige crystalline powder

Использование

Methylsuccinic acid is used as a flux material and an important dyestuff intermediate. It is also used as an intermediate in medicine and pharmaceuticals.

Подготовка

A common method employed for the synthesis of alkanedioic acids involves the oxidation of lactone derivatives. However, in the case of y-butyrolactones, the oxidations have proven particularly challenging due to the stability of the five-membered lactones. A successful approach to this type of oxidative preparation involves the carboxylation of γ-butyrolactone using carbon monoxide and hydrogen fluoride-antimony(V) fluoride superacid containing an excess of antimony(V) fluoride to afford 2-methylsuccinic acid.

Synthesis of 2-Methylsuccinic Acid from y-Butyrolactone

Определение

ChEBI: 2-methylbutanedioic acid is a dicarboxylic acid that is butanedioic acid substituted at position 2 by a methyl group. It is a conjugate acid of a methylsuccinate.

Origin

2-Methylsuccinic acid is a natural product found in African aloe vera.

Общее описание

White or yellowish crystals or beige powder.

Реакции воздуха и воды

Water soluble.

Угроза здоровью

ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: 2-Methylsuccinic acid may be harmful by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.

Пожароопасность

Flash point data for 2-Methylsuccinic acid are not available; however, 2-Methylsuccinic acid is probably combustible.

First aid

Eyes: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.
Skin: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.
Inhalation: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.
Ingestion: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital.

Методы очистки

Crystallise the acid from water. [Beilstein 2 IV 1948.]