Сукралоза

Описание

Sucralose is the only non-caloric sweetener made from sugar. It is in fact the latest non nutritive sweetener to have been approved by US FDA and other regulatory bodies and have hit the markets .
Sucralose is derived from sugar through a multi-step patented manufacturing process that selectively substitutes three atoms of chlorine for three hydroxyl groups on the sugar molecule. This change produces a sweetener that has no calories, yet is 600 times sweeter than sucrose, making it roughly twice as sweet as saccharin and four times as sweet as aspartame.

Химические свойства

Sucralose is a white to off-white colored, free-flowing, crystalline powder.

История

Sucralose, 1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-β-D-fructofuranosyl- 4-chloro-4-deoxy-α-D-galactopyranoside, is a trichloro-galactosucrose sweetener developed by the British sugar company Tate & Lyle during the 1970s (U.S. Pat. 4,343,934 (Aug. 10, 1982), M. R. Jenner and D. Waite (to Talres Development), (U.S. Pat. 4,362,869 (Dec. 7, 1982), M. R. Jenner and co-workers (to Talres Development), and (U.S. Pat. 4,435,440 (Mar. 6, 1984), L. Hough, S. P. Phadnis, and R. A. Khan (to Tate & Lyle). It was licensed to McNeil-PPC, Inc., a Johnson & Johnson subsidiary, in the United States until a new agreement took place in February, 2004. McNeil Nutritionals retained ownership of SPLENDA Brand and the right for its worldwide retail and food service business. Tate & Lyle became the sole manufacturer of SPLENDA Brand sucralose and owned the right for its worldwide ingredient sales.

Использование

Sucralose (1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-p-fructofuranosyl-4-chloro-oc- D-galactopyra- noside) is a nonnutritive sweetener based on sucrose. It is selectively chlorinated and the glycoside link between the two rings is resistant to hydrolysis by acid or enzymes, so it is not metabolized. It has 400 to 800 times the sweetness of sucrose, is very soluble in water, and is stable in heat. It can be used in food products that are baked or fried.
Sucralose is produced by the selective chlorination of the sucrose molecule using a patented process by Tate and LyIe that replaces the three hydroxyl groups (OH) with three chlorine (Cl) atoms.
This modified sugar is minimally absorbed by the body and passes out unchanged. It was approved for use in foods and beverages in 1999 in the United States.

Методы производства

Sucralose may be prepared by a variety of methods that involve the selective substitution of three sucrose hydroxyl groups by chlorine. Sucralose can also be synthesized by the reaction of sucrose (or an acetate) with thionyl chloride.

Определение

ChEBI: A disaccharide derivative consisting of 4-chloro-4-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranose and 1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-beta-D-fructofuranose units linked by a glycosidic bond.

Общее описание

Certified pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to pharmacopeia primary standards.
Sucralose is a polar, chlorinated sugar synthesized from saccharose precursor. It is widely used as a sweetener in a number of food and beverage products.

Фармацевтические приложения

Sucralose is used as a sweetening agent in beverages, foods, and pharmaceutical applications. It has a sweetening power approximately 300–1000 times that of sucrose and has no aftertaste. It has no nutritional value, is noncariogenic, does not promote dental caries, and produces no glycemic response.

Безопасность

Sucralose is generally regarded as a nontoxic and nonirritant material and is approved, in a number of countries, for use in food products. Following oral consumption, sucralose is mainly unabsorbed and is excreted in the feces.
The WHO has set an acceptable daily intake for sucralose of up to 15 mg/kg body-weight.
LD50 (mouse, oral): > 16 g/kg
LD50 (rat, oral): > 10 g/kg

хранилище

Sucralose is a relatively stable material. In aqueous solution, at highly acidic conditions (pH < 3), and at high temperatures (≤35℃), it is hydrolyzed to a limited extent, producing 4-chloro-4- deoxygalactose and 1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxyfructose. In food products, sucralose remains stable throughout extended storage periods, even at low pH. However, it is most stable at pH 5–6.
Sucralose should be stored in a well-closed container in a cool, dry place, at a temperature not exceeding 21℃. Sucralose, when heated at elevated temperatures, may break down with the release of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and minor amounts of hydrogen chloride.

Регуляторный статус

The FDA, in April 1998, approved sucralose for use as a tabletop sweetener and as an additive in a variety of food products. In the UK, sucralose was fully authorized for use in food products in 2005. It is also accepted for use in many other countries worldwide. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Nonmedicinal Ingredients.