(S) - (+) -1,2-пропандиол

Химические свойства

Colorless to light yellow liqui

Использование

(S)-(+)-1,2-Propanediol acts as an organic solvent and diluent used in pharmaceutical preparations. It is also used as a chiral synthetic intermediate and substrate for enzyme studies.

Методы производства

Propylene is converted to chlorohydrin by chlorine water and hydrolyzed to 1,2-propylene oxide. With further hydrolysis, 1,2- propylene oxide is converted to propylene glycol.

Фармацевтические приложения

Propylene glycol has become widely used as a solvent, extractant, and preservative in a variety of parenteral and nonparenteral pharmaceutical formulations. It is a better general solvent than glycerin and dissolves a wide variety of materials, such as corticosteroids, phenols, sulfa drugs, barbiturates, vitamins (A and D), most alkaloids, and many local anesthetics.
As an antiseptic it is similar to ethanol, and against molds it is similar to glycerin and only slightly less effective than ethanol. Propylene glycol is commonly used as a plasticizer in aqueous film-coating formulations.
Propylene glycol is also used in cosmetics and in the food industry as a carrier for emulsifiers and as a vehicle for flavors in preference to ethanol, since its lack of volatility provides a more uniform flavor.

хранилище

At cool temperatures, propylene glycol is stable in a well-closed container, but at high temperatures, in the open, it tends to oxidize, giving rise to products such as propionaldehyde, lactic acid, pyruvic acid, and acetic acid. Propylene glycol is chemically stable when mixed with ethanol (95%), glycerin, or water; aqueous solutions may be sterilized by autoclaving.
Propylene glycol is hygroscopic and should be stored in a wellclosed container, protected from light, in a cool, dry place.

Несовместимости

Propylene glycol is incompatible with oxidizing reagents such as potassium permanganate.

Регуляторный статус

GRAS listed. Accepted for use as a food additive in Europe. Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (dental preparations; IM and IV injections; inhalations; ophthalmic, oral, otic, percutaneous, rectal, topical, and vaginal preparations). Included in nonparenteral and parenteral medicines licensed in the UK. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients.