1,2-ДИНИТРОБЕНЗОЛ

Химические свойства

light yellow-brown powder

Использование

1,2-Dinitrobenzene was used as internal standard for analysis of the explosives, TNT, RDX, and tetryl in sea water by vapor phase chromatography with the nickel-63 electron capture detector.

Общее описание

Colorless to yellow solid. Sinks and slowly mixes with water.

Реакции воздуха и воды

Slowly mixes with water.

Профиль реактивности

All three isomers have similar properties and may react vigorously with oxidizing materials. Their reaction with nitric acid (nitration) will lead to a mixture of trinitrobenzenes possessing high-explosive properties [Urbanski, 1967, vol. 3, p. 290]. If heat and reaction conditions of the nitration are not controlled, detonation comparable to TNT may occur [Anon., J. R. Inst. Chem., 1960, 84, p. 451]. Mixture of 1,3-dinitrobenzene with tetranitromethane was found highly explosive [Urbanski, 1964, vol. 1, 592]. 1,2-dinitrobenzene is a severe explosion hazard when shocked or exposed to heat or flame. When heated to decomposition all dinitrobenzens emit toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides [Sax, 9th ed., 1996, p. 1374].

Угроза здоровью

INHALATION, INGESTION, OR SKIN ABSORPTION: Headache, vertigo and vomiting followed by exhaustion, numbness of the legs, staggering and collapse. Intense methemoglobinenia may lead to asphyxia severe enough to injure the CNS. EYES: Irritation. SKIN: Stains skin yellow.

Профиль безопасности

Suspected carcinogen. Poison by inhalation and ingestion. Moderately toxic by sktn contact. Can cause liver, kidney, and central nervous system injury. Combustible when exposed to heat or flame; can react vigorously with oxidzing materials. A severe explosion hazard when shocked or exposed to heat or flame. It is used in bursting charges and to fiu artillery shells. Mixtures with nitric acid are highly explosive. To fight fire, use water, Co2, dry chemical. Dangerous; when heated to decomposition it emits highly toxic fumes of NO, and explodes. See also mand pDINITROBENZENE and NITRO COMPOUNDS of AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS.

Экологическая судьба

Biological. Under anaerobic and aerobic conditions using a sewage inoculum, 1,2-dinitrobenzene degraded to nitroaniline (Hallas and Alexander, 1983).
Photolytic. Low et al. (1991) reported that the nitro-containing compounds (e.g., 2,4- dinitrophenol) undergo degradation by UV light in the presence of titanium dioxide yielding ammonium, carbonate, and nitrate ions. By analogy, 1,2-dinitrobenzene should degrade forming identical ions.
Chemical/Physical. Releases toxic nitrogen oxides when heated to decomposition (Sax and Lewis, 1987). 1,2-Dinitrobenzene will not hydrolyze in water (Kollig, 1993).

Методы очистки

Crystallise it from EtOH. [Beilstein 5 IV 738.]