3-Нитроанилин

Химические свойства

3-Nitroaniline is a ochre-yellow to orange crystalline powder, crystallizes as yellow needles from water. It is moderately soluble in organic solvents and sparingly soluble in water (0.11 %).

Физические свойства

Yellow, rhombic crystals or powder. Finely dispersered particles form explosive mixtures. Combustible.

Использование

Dyestuff intermediate. Acetylation of 3-nitroaniline followed by reduction gives 3-aminoacetanilide. Diazotization, followed by reduction of the diazosulfonate with ammonium bisulfite and subsequent hydrolysis, gives (3-nitrophenyl) hydrazine; an intermediate in the production of pyrazolone azo coupling components. 3-Nitroaniline is used as a diazo component (Fast Orange R Base) in azo dyes (e.g., C.I. Disperse Yellow 5 and C.I. Acid Orange 18).

Подготовка

M-nitroaniline partial reduction.

Методы производства

1,3-Dinitrobenzene is added to warm water containing magnesium sulfate. An aqueous solution of sodium hydrogen sulfide (6 molar equivalents) is added gradually to the vigorously stirred emulsion, and reduction is completed by heating to 90 ℃. The 3-nitroaniline produced solidifies on cooling and is separated by filtration.

Общее описание

Yellow needles or yellow powder.

Реакции воздуха и воды

Insoluble in water.

Профиль реактивности

Thermal stability of 3-Nitroaniline is reduced by various impurities. 3-Nitroaniline may be sensitive to prolonged exposure to light. 3-Nitroaniline may react explosively with ethylene oxide at 266° F. 3-Nitroaniline is incompatible with acids (nitric, sulfuric), acid chlorides, acid anhydrides, chloroformates and strong oxidizing agents. . Unstable when heated.

Опасность

Moderate fire risk. Toxic when absorbed by skin.

Пожароопасность

Flash point data for 3-Nitroaniline are not available; however, 3-Nitroaniline is probably combustible.

Экологическая судьба

Biological. A bacterial culture isolated from the Oconee River in North Georgia degraded 3- nitroaniline to the intermediate 4-nitrocatechol (Paris and Wolfe, 1987). A Pseudomonas sp. strain P6, isolated from a Matapeake silt loam, did not grow on 3-nitroaniline as the sole source of carbon. However, in the presence of 4-nitroaniline, all of the applied 3-nitroaniline metabolized completely to carbon dioxide (Zeyer and Kearney, 1983). In the presence of suspended natural populations from unpolluted aquatic systems, the second-order microbial transformation rate constant determined in the laboratory was reported to be 4.6 ± 0.1 x 10^-13 L/organism?h (Steen, 1991).
In activated sludge inoculum, following a 20-d adaptation period, no degradation was observed (Pitter, 1976).
Chemical/Physical. Reacts with acids forming water soluble salts.

Методы очистки

Purify it as for o-nitroaniline. Warning: it is absorbed through the skin. [Beilstein 12 IV 1589.]