Митомицин C

Описание

Mitomycin C is naturally produced by Streptomyces caespitosus, an Actinobacteria found in soil. Mitomycin C has antibiotic and antitumor activities and has been studied extensively since the 1950s. A unique feature of this drug is strong bioreductive alkylation under hypoxic conditions. Oxygen-poor cells internal to solid tumors provide an environment in which this drug is highly activated. As an antitumor agent, it has shown efficacy in a wide variety of cancers, including gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer, cervical cancer, prostate cancer, and bladder cancer. The sideeffect profile is large, which prohibits its widespread use. Mitomycin C is antibacterial to gram-positive, gram-negative, and acid-fast bacilli.

Химические свойства

Blue-violet crystals or crystalline powder.

Использование

Mitomycin C is the most studied of a family of highly distinctive blue/purple metabolites produced by several Streptomyces species. Mitomyin C exhibits potent antibacterial and antitumour activity and inhibits DNA synthesis by intercalation, blocking nuclear division with the induction of apoptosis in cancer cells.

Определение

Antibiotic derivedfrom Streptomyces, stated to be effective againsttumors.

Показания

Mitomycin (mitomycin C, Mitocin-C, Mutamycin) is an antibiotic that is derived from a species of Streptomyces. It is sometimes classified as an alkylating agent because it can covalently bind to and cross-link DNA. Mitomycin is thought to inhibit DNA synthesis through its ability to alkylate double-strand DNA and bring about interstrand cross-linking. There is evidence that enzymatic reduction by a reduced nicotinamide– adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) dependent reductase is necessary to activate the drug.
The drug is rapidly cleared from serum after intravenous injection but is not distributed to the brain.

Общее описание

Blue-violet crystals. Used as an anti-tumor antibiotic complex.

Реакции воздуха и воды

Water soluble.

Профиль реактивности

Mitomycin C is sensitive to prolonged exposure to light. Mitomycin C may be sensitive to prolonged exposure to air. Mitomycin C is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids and strong bases. Calcium salts may cause decomposition.

Опасность

Possible carcinogen.

Угроза здоровью

Toxic doses as low as 750 mg/kg have been reported in humans. The major toxic effect is myelosuppression, characterized by marked leukopenia and thrombocytopenia; this may be delayed and cumulative. Interstitial pneumonia and glomerular damage resulting in kidney failure are unusual but well documented complications. Lung conditions -- administration of mitomycin has been recognized as causing pneumonitis, alveolitis and pulmonary fibrosis. Kidney conditions -- administration of Mitomycin Can cause kidney damage. Kidney toxicity was observed in 1-5 percent of patients. Depressed immune conditions.

Пожароопасность

Flash point data for Mitomycin C are not available; however, Mitomycin C is probably combustible.

Биологическая активность

Antibiotic and antitumor agent. Covalently binds DNA forming intra- and interstrand crosslinks. Inhibits DNA synthesis.

Клиническое использование

Mitomycin has limited palliative effects in carcinomas of the stomach, pancreas, colon, breast, and cervix.

Побочные эффекты

The major toxicity associated with mitomycin therapy is unpredictably long and cumulative myelosuppression that affects both white blood cells and platelets. A syndrome of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and renal failure also has been described. Renal, hepatic, and pulmonary toxicity may occur. The drug is teratogenic and carcinogenic, and it can cause local blistering.

Возможный контакт

This compound is an antitumor antibiotic complex. This drug is usually injected intravenously.

Экологическая судьба

Mitomycin C is naturally produced by S. caespitosus, a microorganism found in soil and decaying vegetation. As a compound potentially released in commercial solid waste or in spill or container residue, mitomycin C is not thought to persist in soil and water. Calculations based on its hydrolysis rate in water at 25 ℃ show a half-life of 12.9 days. It is readily soluble in water, so mobility in groundwater is high. Mitomycin persistence in air is low and bioaccumulation is low.

Метаболизм

Mitomycin is administered IV in the treatment of disseminated adenocarcinoma of the stomach or pancreas, and it has been used intravesically in superficial bladder cancer. Biotransformation pathways are saturable, and approximately 10% of an administered dose is eliminated unchanged via the kidneys.

Перевозки

UN2811 Toxic solids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required. UN3249 Medicine, solid, toxic, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials.

Методы очистки

Mitomycin C forms blue-violet crystals from *C6H6/pet ether. It is soluble in Me2CO, MeOH and H2O, moderately soluble in *C6H6, CCl4 and Et2O but insoluble in pet ether. It has UV max at 216, 360 and a weak peak at 560nm in MeOH. [Stevens et al. J Med Chem 8 1 1965, Shirahata & Hirayama J Am Chem Soc 105 7199 1983, Beilstein 25 III/IV 516.]

Несовместимости

Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides, heat, strong light, calcium salts.

Утилизация отходов

Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≥100 kg/mo) must conform to EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal. It is inappropriate and possibly dangerous to the environment to dispose of expired or waste drugs and pharmaceuticals by flushing them down the toilet or discarding them to the trash. Household quantities of expired or waste pharmaceuticals may be mixed with wet cat litter or coffee grounds, double-bagged in plastic, discard in trash. Larger quantities shall carefully take into consideration applicable DEA, EPA, and FDA regulations. If possible return the pharmaceutical to the manufacturer for proper disposal being careful to properly label and securely package the material. Alternatively, the waste pharmaceutical shall be labeled, securely packaged, and transported by a state licensed medical waste contractor to dispose by burial in a licensed hazardous or toxic waste landfill or incinerator.