1,2,3-ТРИХЛОРБЕНЗОЛ

Описание

Trichlorobenzenes (TCBs) are synthetic chemicals that occur in three different isomeric forms. The three chlorinated cyclic aromatic isomers are 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene (1,2,3-TCB), 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (1,2,4-TCB), and 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene (1,3,5-TCB). 1,2,4-TCB is one of the 188 chemicals designated as a hazardous air pollutant under the Clean Air Act.

Химические свойства

1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene and 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene are colorless solids, while 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene is a colorless liquid. Although the three isomers of trichlorobenzenes have the same molecular weight and formula, they each may have different chemical and toxicological properties. One of the isomers (1,2,4-trichlorobenzene) is produced in large quantities and is used as a solvent to dissolve such special materials as oils, waxes, resins, greases, and rubber. It is also frequently used to produce dyes and textiles. The other two isomers, 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene and 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene, are produced in lower quantities and have fewer uses.

Использование

Detoxification by catalytic hydrotreatment of 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene is used for the disposal of hazardous organic waste liquids. As constituent of trichlorobenzene mixt used for termite control. As transformer fluid, dye carrier & solvent. Solvent for high melting products, Coolant in electrical installations and glass tempering. In polyester dyeing, lubricants, Heat transfer medium. As chemical intermediate for 2,3-dichlorophenol.

Общее описание

A white solid with a sharp chlorobenzene odor. Insoluble in water and denser than water. Hence sinks in water. Melting point 63-64°C (145-147°F).

Реакции воздуха и воды

Insoluble in water.

Профиль реактивности

1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene can react with oxidizing agents. . May emit toxic hydrogen chloride and phosgene gases in fire.

Угроза здоровью

Inhalation may cause irritation of respiratory tract. Irritating to the eyes. May redden skin on contact. Ingestion may cause liver damage.

Экологическая судьба

Biological. Under aerobic conditions, soil microbes are capable of degrading 1,2,3- trichlorobenzene to 1,2- and 1,3-dichlorobenzene and carbon dioxide (Kobayashi and Rittman, 1982). A mixed culture of soil bacteria or a Pseudomonas sp. transformed 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene to 2,3,4-, 3,4,5-, and 2,3,6-trichlorophenol (Ballschiter and Scholz, 1980).
In an enrichment culture derived from a contaminated site in Bayou d’Inde, LA, 1,2,3- trichlorobenzene underwent reductive dechlorination to 1,2- and 1,3-dichlorobenzene at relative molar yields of 1 and 99%, respectively. The maximum dechlorination rate, based on the recommended Michaelis-Menten model, was 60 nM/d (Pavlostathis and Prytula, 2000).
Photolytic. The sunlight irradiation of 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene (20 g) in a 100-mL borosilicate glass-stoppered Erlenmeyer flask for 56 d yielded 32 ppm pentachlorobiphenyl (Uyeta et al., 1976).
Chemical/Physical. At 70.0 °C and pH values of 3.07, 7.13, and 9.80, the hydrolysis half-lives were calculated to be 19.2, 15.0, and 34.4 d, respectively (Ellington et al., 1986). Emits toxic chloride fumes when heated to decomposition.

Методы очистки

Crystallise it from EtOH. [Beilstein 5 IV 664.]