Темефос

Описание

Abate is the trade name for Temephos, the known organophosphate larvicide. Abate is used to treat water infested with disease-carrying fleas and control mosquito, midge, and black fly larvae. Abate quickly controls mosquito and other insect populations because it kills insect larvae before they mature, and the residual activity of abate prevents insect populations. On decomposition, abate produces oxides of carbon, phosphorous, and sulphur. Exposures to abate in workplaces cause adverse health effects (refer to Temephos for details).

Использование

Temephos is an organophosphate larvicide used to treat water infested with disease-carrying insects.

Общее описание

White crystalline solid or liquid. Boiling point 87°F. Used as an insecticide. Technical grade is a viscous brown liquid.

Профиль реактивности

Organothiophosphates are susceptible to formation of highly toxic and flammable phosphine gas in the presence of strong reducing agents such as hydrides. Partial oxidation by oxidizing agents may result in the release of toxic phosphorus oxides.

Опасность

Cholinesterase inhibitor. Questionable carcinogen.

Угроза здоровью

Exposures to high concentrations of temephos for a prolonged period of time cause poisoning to occupational workers. The symptoms include, but are not limited to, nausea, salivation, headache, loss of muscle coordination, and diffi culty breathing. Workers exposed to a combination of temephos and malathion suffer potentiation of toxicity of temephos. Exposures to granules of temephos formulation may cause irritation. Prolonged and repeated skin contact may cause irritation. Inhalation may cause respiratory irritation and chemical pneumonities. There are no reports on the prolonged effects of temephos.

Сельскохозяйственное использование

Insecticide, Larvicide: Temephos is one of the few organophosphates that is registered to control mosquito larvae. It is a non-systemic insecticide for use on wetlands, ponds, lakes and other moist areas to control mosquito, gnat, black fly, midge, pinkie and sandfly larvae. Banned for use in EU countries[ 115]. Registered for use in the U.S.

Торговое название

27165®; ABAT®; ABATE®; ABATE® 1-SG; ABATE® 2-CG; ABATE® 4-E; ABATE® 5CG; ABATHION®; AI3-27165®; AC 52160®; AMERICAN CYANAMID AC-52,160®; AMERICAN CYANAMID CL-52160®; AMERICAN CYANAMID E. I.52,160®; BIOTHION®; BITHION®; CL 52160®; DIFENPHOS®; DIFENTHOS®; DIFOS®; DIPHOS®; ECOPRO®; ECOPRO® 1707; EI 52160®; NEPHIS®; NEPHIS® 1G; NIMITEX®; NIMITOX®

Профиль безопасности

Posion by ingestion Moderately toxic by intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, and skin contact routes. An experimental teratogen. A skin irritant. A cholinesterase inhibitor type of insecticide. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of POx and SOx. See also PARATHION,

Канцерогенность

The EPA noted a chronic dog study (period of exposure not specified) in which significant inhibition of plasma and RBC cholinesterase occurred at dietary exposures equivalent to 12.5 mg/kg/day but not at 0.46 mg/kg/day .
No evidence of carcinogenicity or other treatment-related effects occurred in rats fed a diet that contained 0, 10, 100, or 300 ppm temephos (equivalent to about 0.5, 5.0, or 15 mg/kg/ day) for 2 years . The animals in the treated groups were exposed in utero from gestation day 12 through parturition to 100 ppm of the test material, and at weaning pups were randomly allocated to the three treatment groups and the treatment initiated.

Метаболический путь

Temephos is comparatively stable to metabolic degradation in both animals and plants. The main pathway is via thiooxidation to the sulfoxide and through hydrolysis to yield 4,4’-thiodiphenol and its thiooxidised derivatives which are conjugated as glucosides in plants and as sulfate esters in rats. Oxidative desulfuration to temephos oxon is apparently a minor pathway.

хранилище

During use and handling of abate, occupational workers/applicators should wear long- sleeved shirts, long pants, shoes, and socks, chemical-resistant gloves, and protective eyewear, goggles, or safety glasses. Flaggers must wear chemical-resistant headgear and protective eyewear.