Анилин
- английское имяAniline
- CAS №62-53-3
- CBNumberCB7169544
- ФормулаC6H7N
- мольный вес93.13
- EINECS200-539-3
- номер MDLMFCD00007629
- файл Mol62-53-3.mol
химическое свойство
| Температура плавления | -6 °C (lit.) |
| Температура кипения | 184 °C (lit.) |
| плотность | 1.022 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.) |
| плотность пара | 3.22 (185 °C, vs air) |
| давление пара | 0.7 mm Hg ( 25 °C) |
| показатель преломления | n |
| Fp | 76 °C |
| температура хранения | 2-8°C |
| растворимость | water: soluble |
| форма | Liquid |
| пка | 4.63(at 25℃) |
| цвет | APHA: ≤250 |
| Удельный вес | 1.021 |
| Запах | Sweet, amine-like odor detectable at 0.6 to 10 ppm |
| Относительная полярность | 0.42 |
| РН | 8.8 (36g/l, H2O, 20℃) |
| Водородный показатель | 8.1 |
| Скорость испарения | <1 |
| Пределы взрываемости | 1.2-11%(V) |
| Растворимость в воде | 36 g/L (20 ºC) |
| Мерк | 14,659 |
| БРН | 605631 |
| констант закона Генри | 1.91 at 25 °C (thermodynamic method-GC/UV spectrophotometry, Altschuh et al., 1999) |
| Диэлектрическая постоянная | 7.8（0℃） |
| Пределы воздействия | TLV-TWA skin 2 ppm (～8 mg/m3) (ACGIH), 5 ppm (～19 mg/m3) (MSHA, OSHA, and NIOSH); IDLH 100 ppm (NIOSH). |
| Стабильность | Stable. Incompatible with oxidizing agents, bases, acids, iron and iron salts, zinc, aluminium. Light sensitive. Combustible. |
| LogP | 0.900 |
| Непрямые добавки, используемые в веществах, контактирующих с пищевыми продуктами | ANILINE |
| Справочник по базе данных CAS | 62-53-3(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| Рейтинг продуктов питания EWG | 5-9 |
| FDA UNII | SIR7XX2F1K |
| Предложение 65 Список | Aniline |
| МАИР | 2A (Vol. 27, Sup 7, 127) |
| Справочник по химии NIST | Aniline(62-53-3) |
| Система регистрации веществ EPA | Aniline (62-53-3) |
больше
| Коды опасности | T,N,F | |||||||||
| Заявления о рисках | 23/24/25-40-41-43-48/23/24/25-50-68-48/20/21/22-39/23/24/25-11 | |||||||||
| Заявления о безопасности | 26-27-36/37/39-45-46-61-63-36/37-16 | |||||||||
| РИДАДР | UN 1547 6.1/PG 2 | |||||||||
| OEL | TWA: None ppm | |||||||||
| WGK Германия | 2 | |||||||||
| RTECS | BW6650000 | |||||||||
| F | 8-9 | |||||||||
| Температура самовоспламенения | 615 °C | |||||||||
| TSCA | Yes | |||||||||
| кода HS | 2921 41 00 | |||||||||
| Класс опасности | 6.1 | |||||||||
| Группа упаковки | II | |||||||||
| Банк данных об опасных веществах | 62-53-3(Hazardous Substances Data) | |||||||||
| Токсичность | LD50 orally in rats: 0.44 g/kg (Jacobson) | |||||||||
| ИДЛА | 100 ppm | |||||||||
| NFPA 704: |
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рисовальное письмо(GHS)
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рисовальное письмо(GHS)
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сигнальный язык
опасность
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вредная бумага
H318：При попадании в глаза вызывает необратимые последствия.
H301+H311+H331：Токсично при проглатывании, при контакте с кожей или при вдыхании.
H317：При контакте с кожей может вызывать аллергическую реакцию.
H341：Предполагается, что данное вещество вызывает генетические дефекты.
H372：Поражает органы в результате многократного или продолжительного воздействия.
H351：Предполагается, что данное вещество вызывает раковые заболевания.
H410：Чрезвычайно токсично для водных организмов с долгосрочными последствиями.
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оператор предупредительных мер
P273：Избегать попадания в окружающую среду.
P280：Использовать перчатки/ средства защиты глаз/ лица.
P301+P310：ПРИ ПРОГЛАТЫВАНИИ: Немедленно обратиться за медицинской помощью. Прополоскать рот.
P302+P352+P312：ПРИ ПОПАДАНИИ НА КОЖУ: Промыть большим количеством воды. Обратиться за медицинской помощью при плохом самочувствии.
P304+P340+P311：ПРИ ВДЫХАНИИ: Свежий воздух, покой. Обратиться за медицинской помощью.
P305+P351+P338：ПРИ ПОПАДАНИИ В ГЛАЗА: Осторожно промыть глаза водой в течение нескольких минут. Снять контактные линзы, если Вы ими пользуетесь и если это легко сделать. Продолжить промывание глаз.
Анилин химические свойства, назначение, производство
Описание
First produced in 1826 by Otto Unverdorben through destructive distillation of indigo, the first industrial use was as a purple dye, Mauveine, formulated by William Henry Perkin accidentally in an attempt to isolate quinone. The name aniline was given in deference to the indigoyielding plant, Indigofera suffruticosa, commonly named anil.Химические свойства
Aniline,C6H5NH2, is slightly soluble in water,miscible in alcohol and ether,and turns yellow to brown in air. Aniline may be made(1) by the reduction, with iron or tin in HCI, of nitrobenzene, and(2) by the amination of chlorobenzene by heating with ammonia to a high temperature corresponding to a pressure of over 200 atmospheres in the presence of a catalyst(a mixture of cuprous chlorideandoxide).Aniline is the end point of reduction of most mononitrogen substituted benzene nuclei,as nitro benzene beta-phenyl hydroxylamine, azoxybenzene, azobenzene, hydrazobenzene. Aniline is detected by the violet coloration produced by a small amountof sodium hypochlorite. Aniline is used as a solvent, in the preparation of compound in the manufacture of dyes and their intermediates, and in the manufacture of medicinal chemicals.Физические свойства
Colorless, oily liquid with a faint ammonia-like odor and burning taste. Gradually becomes yellow to reddish-brown on exposure to air or light. The lower and upper odor thresholds are 2 and 128 ppm, respectively (quoted, Keith and Walters, 1992). An odor threshold of 1.0 ppmv was reported by Leonardos et al. (1969).Использование
A thin, colorless oil prepared by reducing benzene with iron filings in the presence of hydrochloric or acetic acid and then separating the aniline formed by distillation. It is slightly soluble in water but dissolves easily in alcohol, ether, and benzene. Aniline is the base for many dyes used to increase the sensitivity of emulsions.Методы производства
Aniline was obtained in 1826 by Unverdorben from distillation of indigo and was given the name aniline in 1841 by Fritzsche (Windholz et al 1983). The chemical was manufactured in the U. S. by the Bechamp reaction involving reduction of nitrobenzene in the presence of either copper/silica or hydrochloric acid/ferrous chloride catalysts; but in 1966, amination of chlorobenzene with ammonia was introduced (IARC 1982; Northcott 1978). Currently, aniline is produced in the U.S., several European countries and Japan by the catalytic hydrogenation of nitrobenzene in either the vapor phase or solvent system. This chemical is also produced by reacting phenol with ammonia (HSDB 1989). Production in 1982 amounted to 331,000 tons (HSDB 1989).Определение
ChEBI: A primary arylamine in which an amino functional group is substituted for one of the benzene hydrogens.Общее описание
A yellowish to brownish oily liquid with a musty fishy odor. Melting point -6°C; boiling point 184°C; flash point 158°F. Denser than water (8.5 lb / gal) and slightly soluble in water. Vapors heavier than air. Toxic by skin absorption and inhalation. Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion. Used to manufacture other chemicals, especially dyes, photographic chemicals, agricultural chemicals and others.Реакции воздуха и воды
Darkens on exposure to air and light. Polymerizes slowly to a resinous mass on exposure to air and light. Slightly soluble in water.Опасность
An allergen. Toxic if absorbed through the skin. Combustible. Skin irritant. Questionable car- cinogen.Угроза здоровью
Aniline is a moderate skin irritant, a moderate to severe eye irritant, and a skin sensitizer in animals. Aniline is moderately toxic via inhalation and ingestion. Symptoms of exposure (which may be delayed up to 4 hours) include headache, weakness, dizziness, nausea, difficulty breathing, and unconsciousness. Exposure to aniline results in the formation of methemoglobin and can thus interfere with the ability of the blood to transport oxygen. Effects from exposure at levels near the lethal dose include hypoactivity, tremors, convulsions, liver and kidney effects, and cyanosis. Aniline has not been found to be a carcinogen or reproductive toxin in humans. Some tests in rats demonstrate carcinogenic activity. However, other tests in which mice, guinea pigs, and rabbits were treated by various routes of administration gave negative results. Aniline produced developmental toxicity only at maternally toxic dose levels but did not have a selective toxicity for the fetus. It produces genetic damage in animals and in mammalian cell cultures but not in bacterial cell cultures.Пожароопасность
Combustion can produce toxic fumes including nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide. Aniline vapor forms explosive mixtures with air. Aniline is incompatible with strong oxidizers and strong acids and a number of other materials. Avoid heating. Hazardous polymerization may occur. Polymerizes to a resinous mass.Воспламеняемость и взрывоопасность
Aniline is a combustible liquid (NFPA rating = 2). Smoke from a fire involving aniline may contain toxic nitrogen oxides and aniline vapor. Toxic aniline vapors are given off at high temperatures and form explosive mixtures in air. Carbon dioxide or dry chemical extinguishers should be used to fight aniline fires.Химическая реактивность
Reactivity with Water No reaction; Reactivity with Common Materials: No reaction; Stability During Transport: Stable; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Flush with water and rinse with dilute acetic acid; Polymerization: Not pertinent; Inhibitor of Polymerization: Not pertinent.Возможный контакт
Aniline is widely used as an intermediate in the synthesis of dyestuffs. It is also used in the manufacture of rubber accelerators and antioxidants, pharmaceuticals, marking inks; tetryl, optical whitening agents; photographic developers; resins, varnishes, perfumes, shoe polishes, and many organic chemicals.Химические свойства
Анилин-Бесцветная жидкость,cтабильный. Несовместим с окисляющими агентами, основаниями, кислотами, железом и солями железа, цинком, алюминием. Чувствительность к свету. Горюче.
Канцерогенность
The IARC has classified aniline as a Group 3 carcinogen, that is, not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity. However, NIOSH has determined that there is sufficient evidence to recommend that OSHA require labeling this substance a potential occupational carcinogen. This position followed an evaluation of a high-dose feeding study of aniline hydrochloride in F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice (3000 or 6000 ppm and 6000 or 12,000 ppm, respectively). The test was negative in both sexes of mice; however, hemangiosarcomas of the spleen and combined incidence of fibrosarcomas and sarcomas of the spleen were statistically significant in the male rats; the number of female rats having fibrosarcomas of the spleen was also significant.Применение
Используется в производстве красителей, лекарственных средств, полимеров (например, полиуретановw), взрывчатых веществ, гербицидовw и др.Производство
нитрование бензола с последующим восстановлением нитробензола.Безопасность
Анилин – высокотоксичное вещество, особую опасность представляют пары анилина на производстве.
Несовместимости
May form explosive mixture with air. Unless inhibited (usually methanol), aniline is readily able to polymerize. Fires and explosions may result from contact with halogens, strong acids; oxidizers, strong base organic anhydrides; acetic anhydride, isocyanates, aldehydes, sodium peroxide. Strong reaction with toluene diisocyanate. Reacts with alkali metals and alkali earth metals. Attacks some plastics, rubber and coatings; copper and copper alloys.Утилизация отходов
Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≥100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal. Incineration with provision for nitrogen oxides removal from flue gases by scrubber, catalytic or thermal device.Анилин запасные части и сырье
сырьё
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