Фенформин

Использование

N-Phenethylbiguanide is used in cancer treatment methods using thermotherapy and/or enhanced immunotherapy.

Определение

ChEBI: A member of the class of biguanides that is biguanide in which one of the terminal nitrogen atoms is substituted by a 2-phenylethyl group. It was used as an anti-diabetic drug but was later withdrawn from the market due to potential risk of lactic acidos s.

Всемирная организация здравоохранения(ВОЗ)

Phenformin, a biguanide with oral hypoglycaemic activity, was introduced in 1957 for the management of diabetes mellitus. By 1970 its use had been associated with incidences of lactic acidosis and by 1976 clinical studies had conclusively demonstrated that the hazards of phenformin treatment outweighed the benefits. Preparations containing phenformin were withdrawn in several countries and their use restricted in others. Elsewhere, however, proprietary preparations containing this drug may remain available. The related biguanide, buformin, has been also associated with lactic acidosis and has been subjected to similar restrictions as phenformin, whereas there is some evidence that metformin is less liable to induce lactic acidosis. (Reference: (WHODI) WHO Drug Information, 2, 4, 1977)

Профиль безопасности

Poison by intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, and intravenous routes. Moderately toxic by ingestion. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx.

Ферментативный ингибитор

This oral, biguanide-class antidiabetic (FWhydrochloride = 241.72 g/mol; M.P. = 175-178°C; typically supplied as the water-soluble hydrochloride salt), also known as phenethylbiguanide and phenylethylbiguanide, and named systematically as N’-b-phenethylformamidinyliminourea, was withdrawn from the U.S. market in 1977 due to high risk of inducing often fatal lactic acidosis. Target(s): cholesterol biosynthesis; 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase; diamine oxidase; glucose transport; insulysin; pyruvate kinase; and ubiquinol:cytochrome c reductase. Phenformin is an activator of AMP-stimulated protein kinase, and like ther AMPK activators also induce nucleoli re-organization, with attendanty changes in cell proliferation. Among the compounds tested, phenformin and resveratrol had the most pronounced impact on nucleolar organization. 1. McDonald & Dalidowicz Biochemistry