Цетиризин дигидрохлорид

Описание

Cetirizine hydrochloride is a once-daily, non-sedating antihistamine useful in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, urticaria and conjunctivitis. It is reported to be more effective than most other agents in this category such as terfenadine and astemizole.

Химические свойства

Cetirizine Hydrochloride occurs as a white crystalline powder or crystalline solid. It is very soluble in water, and slightly soluble in ethanol (99.5). It dissolves in 0.1 mol/L hydrochloric acid TS. A solution of Cetirizine Hydrochloride (1 in 10) shows no optical rotation.

прикладной

Cetirizine Hydrochloride may be used as a pharmaceutical reference standard for the determination of the analyte in pharmaceutical formulations by various chromatography techniques.

Использование

Cetirizine hydrochloride is a nonsedating type histamine H1-receptor antagonist. A major metabolite of Hydroxyzine. Pharmacological activity resides primarily in the (R)-isomer. It is Cetirizine is an antihistamine medicine that is effective in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria, and pollen-induced asthma. Unlike many traditional antihistamines, it does not cause drowsiness or anticholinergic side effects.

Показания

Cetirizine HCl (Zyrtec) is the carboxylic acid metabolite of hydroxyzine. It is a selective, peripheral H1 receptor antagonist. It is a long-lasting antihistamine. It does not appear to have the same adverse cardiac effects as the other nonsedating H1 antihistamines; however, additional data are required. Indicated for allergic rhinitis and chronic urticaria.

Общее описание

Cetirizine hydrochloride, a second generation antihistaminic drug, is one of the carboxylated metabolites of hydroxyzine that can typically bind to histamine H₁ receptor. It is effective against diseases such as urticaria, angioedema, allergies and hay fever.

Биологическая активность

Histamine H 1 receptor antagonist that displays selectivity over other receptors at concentrations up to 10 μ M. A non-sedating antihistamine that inhibits histamine release and eosinophil chemotaxis during secondary phase allergic response. Inhibits activation of eosinophils, neutrophils and monocytes in vivo .

Побочные эффекты

There are many side effects of Cetirizine hydrochloride which can be classified into five levels including common side effects (10%), more common side effects (1%), rare side effects (0.1%), very rare side effects (0.01%) and other side effects.
Common side effects include: drowsiness, dizziness, headache, pharyngitis, rhinitis (children), diarrhoea (children), nausea, dry mouth, fatigue. More common side effects include: restlessness, paresthesia (tingling or numbness in the hands and feet), diarrhoea, stomach pain, pruritus (itching), rash, asthenia (unusual weakness), weakness.
Rare side effects include: hypersensitivity, aggression, confusion, depression, hallucinations, insomnia, convulsions, tachycardia (fast heartbeat), abnormal liver function, hives, oedema (swelling), weight gain. Very rare side effects: Thrombocytopenia (low platelet count), anaphylaxis, convulsions (uncontrolled body movements), gustatory disturbances (disturbances in taste or loss of taste), dyskinesia (dyskinesia (uncontrolled movements), dystonia (uncontrolled muscle spasms), syncope (fainting), ophthalmoplegia (uncontrolled circular movements of the eyes), angioedema (severe). allergic reaction that causes swelling of the face or throat), dysuria (pain when urinating), incontinence (bedwetting).
Other side effects include: increased appetite, suicidal thoughts, nightmares, amnesia, memory problems, dizziness (spinning sensation), inflammation of the liver, urinary retention (difficulty in urinating), pain in the joints, rash with pus-containing blisters, and severe itching after stopping the drug (pruritus).