ДЕЛЬТАМЕТРИН

Описание

Deltamethrin is a kind of synthetic pyrethroids insecticide used worldwide in agriculture for home pest control and protection of foodstuff and disease vector control. Deltamethrin belongs to the type II pyrethroids, which is hydrophobic in nature. It kills the insects through producing severe delay in sodium channel inactivation, leading to a persistent depolarization of the nerve membrane without repetitive discharge. However, this pesticide can be contained in contaminated food and water, and is readily absorbed by the oral route. Recent studies have shown that it can have certain toxicity through inducing oxidative stress. Vitamin can be used to alleviate its toxicity.

Химические свойства

White Powder

Использование

Deltamethrin is effective against a wide range of insects in fruit, cereals, vegetables, cotton, soyabeans and oilseed rape. It is also used for the control of crawling and flying insects indoors, in stored grain and timber and for ectoparasite control on animals.

Определение

ChEBI: A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation between 3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methanol.

Контактные аллергены

Pyrethroids, also called pyrethrinoids, are neurotoxic synthetic compounds used as insecticides, with irritant properties. Cypermethrin and fenvalerate have been reported as causing positive allergic patch tests, but only fenvalerate was relevant in an agricultural worker.

Возможный контакт

Deltamethrin is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide that kills insects on contact and through diges- tion. It is used to control a variety of chewing and sucking insects that infest fruit, vegetables and field crops, includ- ing apples, pears and plums; peas, glasshouse cucumbers, tomatoes, peppers, potted plants, and ornamentals; hops, oats, cotton and other field crops. Deltamethrin is also used to control residential and commercial insect pests. Some formulations are RUPs)

Экологическая судьба

Deltamethrin is a type II pyrethroid, a functional neurotoxin slowing the inactivation of voltage-gated sodium channels leading to a state of hyperexcitability which in turn causes fine tremor, salivation, and choreoathetosis. Other proposed contributory actions include antagonism of gammaaminobutyric acid A receptor inhibition and voltage-gated chloride and calcium channels.

Метаболический путь

After oral administration of 14C-deltamethrin to lactating dairy cows, deltamethrin is metabolized and excreted in the bile and urine with very little accumulation in major edible tissues. The major portion (78-82%) of the radioactivity in feces is deltamethrin. Only 4-6% is eliminated in the urine and 0.42 ? 1.62% is secreted in the milk. The primary biotransformation is via the hydrolysis of the ester linkage followed by oxidation of the geminal methyl groups of cyclopropane carboxylic acids and phenoxy benzaldehyde, resulting in dicarboxylic acid, lactonecarboxylic acid, or phenoxybenzoic acid derivatives. Deltamethrin is not metabolized within algae cells and mouse fibroblasts, but is partially transformed into less or not active isomers. In algae and fibroblast culture media, many metabolites of deltamethrin resulting mostly from hydrolysis of the molecule are found. This metabolism seems to be linked with the release of enzymes by cells into the culture medium.

Перевозки

UN2811 Toxic solids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required.UN3349 Pyrethroid pesticide, solid toxic, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials.

Несовместимости

May react violently with strong oxidi- zers, bromine, 90% hydrogen peroxide, phosphorus trichloride, silver powders or dust. Incompatible with silver compounds. Mixture with some silver compounds forms explosive salts of silver oxalate.

Утилизация отходов

ncineration would be an effective disposal procedure where permitted. If an efficient incinerator is not available, the product should be mixed with large amounts of combustible material and contact with the smoke should be avoided. In accordance with 40CFR165, follow recommendations for the disposal of pesticides and pesticide containers.

использованная литература

Adams, A. J. "A review of the efficacy and uses of deltamethrin for wood preservation." Document - the International Research Group on Wood Preservation (Sweden) (1996).
Sayeed, I, et al. "Oxidative stress biomarkers of exposure to deltamethrin in freshwater fish, Channapunctatus Bloch." Ecotoxicology & Environmental Safety 56.2(2003):295-301.
Yousef, Mokhtar I., T. I. Awad, and E. H. Mohamed. "Deltamethrin-induced oxidative damage and biochemical alterations in rat and its attenuation by Vitamin E." Toxicology 227.3(2006):240-247.