Pentyl nitrite

Химические свойства

Amyl nitrites are flammable, yellowish liquid with a penetrating, fruity odor.

Определение

ChEBI: A nitrite ester having n-pentyl as the alkyl group.

Общее описание

Amyl nitrite, isopentyl nitrite [(CH₃)₂CHCH₂CH₂ONO], isa mixture of isomeric amyl nitrites but is principally isoamylnitrite. It may be prepared from amyl alcohol and HNO₂ byseveral procedures. Usually, amyl nitrite is dispensed in ampul form and used by inhalation or orally in alcohol solution.Currently, it is recommended for treating cyanide poisoning;although not the best antidote, it does not require intravenousinjections.
Amyl nitrite is a yellowish liquid with an ethereal odor anda pungent taste. It is volatile and inflammable at room temperature.Amyl nitrite vapor forms an explosive mixture in air oroxygen. Inhalation of the vapor may involve definite explosionhazards if a source of ignition is present, as both roomand body temperatures are within the flammability range ofamyl nitrite mixtures with either air or oxygen. It is nearly insolublein water but is miscible with organic solvents. The nitritealso will decompose in valeric acid and nitric acid.

Реакции воздуха и воды

Highly flammable. Decomposes on exposure to air, light, or water. Many, but not all, will be colorless flammable toxic gases. Insoluble in water. Reaction with moisture in air or with water produces nitric acid.

Профиль реактивности

Pentyl nitrite is an oxidizing agent. May begin a vigorous reaction that culminates in a detonation if mixed with reducing agents, including hydrides, sulfides and nitrides.

Угроза здоровью

Inhalation or ingestion causes flushing of the face, pulsatile headache, disturbing tachycardia, cyanosis (methemoglobinemia), weakness, confusion, restlessness, faintness, and collapse. Contact with eyes or skin causes irritation.

Профиль безопасности

Moderately toxic by inhalation and ingestion. Causes flushing of skin, rapid pulse, headache, and fall in blood pressure. Mutation data reported. See also NITRITES and ESTERS. Flammable when exposed to heat or flame or by spontaneous chemical reaction. To fight fire, use alcohol foam. An oxidizing material. Vapors explode when heated. It will react with oxidizing or reducing materials. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx.

Возможный контакт

Amyl nitrite is used to make pharmaceuticals; perfumes, diazonium compounds, and other chemicals.

Перевозки

UN1993 Flammable liquids, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3-Flammable liquid, Technical Name Required.

Несовместимости

Vapors may form explosive mixture with air. Slowly decomposes in light, heat, and on contact with water. A strong oxidizer. Contact with reducing agents and easily oxidizable materials may cause fire and explosions. Reported to be an explosion hazard when exposed to air and light. Keep away from alcohols, antipyrine, alkaline materials; alkaline carbonates; potassium iodide; bromides, and ferrous salts. Attacks metals in the presence of moisture.

Утилизация отходов

Incineration with scrubber to remove nitrogen oxides from the combustion gases.