Энфлуран

Химические свойства

Enflurane is a clear, colorless liquid that easily turns into a nonflammable gas. Mild, sweet odor

Использование

Clinical anesthetic.

Определение

ChEBI: An ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to 2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl and difluoromethyl groups.

Общее описание

Enflurane is a volatile liquid (bp＝56.5°C) with a blood:gas partition coefficient of 1.8 and an MAC of 1.68%.Approximately 2% to 8% of the drug is metabolized primarilyat the chlorofluoromethyl carbon. Little chlorofluoroaceticacid is produced suggesting minor metabolism at thedifluoromethyl carbon. Difluoromethoxydifluoroacetate andfluoride ion have been reported as metabolites. Enfluranemay increase heart rate, cause cardiac arrhythmias, increasecerebral blood flow, and increase intracranial pressure but allto a smaller degree than halothane. Enflurane also causeselectroencephalographic (EEG) patterns consistent withelectrical seizure activity. It has caused tonic–clonic convulsiveactivity in patients when used at high concentrations orduring profound hypocarbic periods. Enflurane is thereforenot recommended in patients with seizure disorders.

Профиль реактивности

The material 2-CHLORO-1,1,2-TRIFLUOROETHYL DIFLUOROMETHYL ETHER is incompatible with the following oxidizing materials, peroxides, combustible materials. Although nonflammable, a fire may cause 2-CHLORO-1,1,2-TRIFLUOROETHYL DIFLUOROMETHYL ETHER to decompose to toxic compounds including phosgene, hydrogen chloride, and hydrogen fluoride. Decomposes slowly in the light.

Опасность

Volatile with anesthetic properties, but nonflammable. Cardiac and central nervous system impairment. Questionable carcinogen.

Пожароопасность

Noncombustible liquid; flash point >94°C (200°F); low reactivity. Pressure buildup in a closed bottle may occur at elevated temper atures.

Клиническое использование

Enflurane was introduced into medical practice in the United States in 1973 and is a clear, colorless, nonflammable general liquid with a mild, sweet odor. Although relatively stable chemically, enflurane does not attack aluminum, copper, iron, or brass and is soluble in rubber (partition coefficient = 74), which can prolong induction/recovery times, as seen with halothane.Enflurane has an intermediate solubility in blood and significant potency. Most of its pharmacological properties are similar to those of halothane, although there may be slightly less nausea, vomiting, arrhythmias, and postoperative shivering than observed with halothane. High concentrations of enflurane, however, are more likely to produce convulsions and circulatory depression. Enflurane also relaxes the uterus and, thus, should not be used as an anesthetic during labor. Metabolism via CYP2E1 accounts for 2% of an inhaled dose and includes transformation to the fluoride ion and fluoromethoxydifluoroacetic acid. During recovery, enflurane leaves the fatty tissues rapidly and, therefore, is not available for a prolonged period of time for significant metabolism to proceed.

Профиль безопасности

Mildly toxic by inhalation, ingestion, and subcutaneous routes. Human systemic effects by inhalation: decreased urine volume or anuria. An experimental teratogen. Experimental reproductive effects. Human mutation data reported. An eye irritant. Questionable carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic data. An anesthetic. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of Fand Cl-. See also ETHERS.

Возможный контакт

FDA-proprietary drug, used as an anesthetic (gas). Axphyxiant

Перевозки

UN1851 Medicine, liquid, toxic, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials. Cylinders must be transported in a secure upright position, in a wellventilated truck. Protect cylinder and labels from physical damage. The owner of the compressed gas cylinder is the only entity allowed by federal law (49CFR) to transport and refill them. It is a violation of transportation regulations to refill compressed gas cylinders without the express written permission of the owner.

Несовместимости

Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, and epoxides. Decomposes on heating, forming toxic and corrosive fumes of hydrogen chloride, hydrogen fluoride, and phosgene. Decomposes in strong sunlight

Утилизация отходов

Return refillable compressed gas cylinders to supplier