1,2-дихлорпропана

Химические свойства

colourless liquid

Физические свойства

Clear, colorless liquid with a sweet, chloroform-like odor. The average least detectable odor threshold concentration in water at 60 °C was 0.10 mg/L (Alexander et al., 1982). Experimentally determined detection and recognition odor threshold concentrations were 1.2 mg/m³ (260 ppb_v) and 2.4 mg/m³ (520 ppb_v), respectively (Hellman and Small, 1974).

Использование

1,2-Dichloropropane is a byproduct in the production of epichlorohydrin (E582310), an important industrial chemical, is a bifunctional alkylating agent with the potential to form DNA cross-links.

Общее описание

Colorless watery liquid with a sweet odor. Sinks in water. Produces an irritating vapor.

Реакции воздуха и воды

Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.

Профиль реактивности

1,2-Dichloropropane reacts with strong oxidizers and strong acids. 1,2-Dichloropropane also reacts with aluminum. When confined, this reaction can lead to an explosion. 1,2-Dichloropropane is incompatible with bases and aluminum alloys. 1,2-Dichloropropane will attack some forms of plastics, rubber and coatings.

Опасность

Flammable, dangerous fire risk, explosive limits in air 3.4–14.5%. Toxic by ingestion and inhalation. Upper respiratory tract irritant and body weight effects. Questionable carcinogen.

Угроза здоровью

Contact with skin or eyes may cause irriation.

Пожароопасность

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic and irritating gases may be generated.

Химическая реактивность

Reactivity with Water No reaction; Reactivity with Common Materials: No reaction; Stability During Transport: Stable; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Not pertinent; Polymerization: Not pertinent; Inhibitor of Polymerization: Not pertinent.

Профиль безопасности

Suspected carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic data. Moderately toxic by inhalation and ingestion. Mddly toxic by skin contact. An eye irritant. Mutation data reported. Can cause liver, kidney, and heart damage. Can cause dermatitis. One of the more toxic chlorinated hydrocarbons. A suggested order of increasing toxicity is dichloromethane, trichloroethylene, carbon tetrachloride, dichloropropane, dichloroethane. Animals exposed to hgh concentrations often showed marked visceral congestion, fatty degeneration of the liver, kidney, and, less frequently, of the heart. They also showed areas of coagulation and necrosis of the liver. There was found to be a heavy mortality among mice exposed to 400 ppm concentrations. A flammable liquid and very dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame. Reacts with aluminum to form aluminum chloride. This reaction, when confined, can lead to explosion. Can react vigorously with oxidizing materials. To fight fire, use water, foam, CO2, dry chemical. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Cl-. See also CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS , ALIPH AT1 C

Возможный контакт

Dichloropropane is used as a chemical intermediate in perchloroethylene and carbon tetrachloride synthesis, and as a lead scavenger for antiknock fluids. It is also used as a solvent for fats, oils, waxes, gums and resins; and in solvent mixtures for cellulose esters and ethers. Other applications include the use of dichloropropane; as a fumigant, alone and in combination with dichloropropane, as a scouring compound; and a metal degreasing agent. It is also used as an insecticidal fumigant

Канцерогенность

The EPA states, “This substance has not undergone a complete evaluation and determination under US EPA’s IRIS program for evidence of human carcinogenicity potential.”
An epidemiological study of 71 Italian florists, who were found to have used an average of 162 kg/year of 1,2- dichloropropane, showed that the mean frequency of peripheral lymphocyte micronuclei for the florists was higher than the mean for 75 controls, but these findings are questionable.
An oral cancer bioassay conducted in rats and mice by NTP, concluded that there was “some evidence of carcinogenicity in both male and female mice based on incidences of liver tumors (primarily adenomas, equivocal evidence of carcinogenicity in female rats based on mammary gland adenocarcinomas and no evidence of carcinogenicity in male rats.” Additional detail is provided below. Propylene dichloride was fed by gavage to rats and mice, 5 days/week for 103 weeks. Dosageswere 0 (corn oil controls), 125, and 250 mg/kg for mice and 0, 62, and 125 mg/kg for rats. Survival was reduced in high-dose female rats and mice (possibly due to infection in female mice). Body weight was reduced in high-dose rats of both sexes, and clear-cell changes and necrosis of the livers were found in high-dose female rats. The investigators concluded that dose-related increases were observed for adenomas of the liver in both male (control, 7/50; low dose, 10/50; high dose, 17/50) and female mice. The increase in the frequency of liver carcinomas supported the evidence that there was a neoplastic response in the mouse liver for both sexes (males: 11/50, 17/50, 16/50; females: 1/50, 3/50, 4/50). Hepatocytomegaly and hepatic necrosis were increased in male mice, but not in female mice.

Метаболический путь

1,2-Dichloropropane is quite stable to hydrolytic and microbial degradation in soils. It is metabolised rapidly and extensively in animals via a combination of gluthathione conjugation, reductive dechlorination, hydrolytic displacement of the halogen and oxidation and hydroxylation reactions (Scheme 1).

Перевозки

UN1279 1,2-Dichloropropane, Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3-Flammable liquid.

Методы очистки

Distil the propane from CaH2. It has a limited shelf life. [Beilstein 1 IV 195.]

Несовместимости

May form explosive mixture with air. May accumulate static electrical charges, and may cause ignition of its vapors. Contact with strong oxidizers, powdered aluminum may cause fire and explosion hazard. Strong acids can cause decomposition and the formation of hydrogen chloride vapors. Reacts with strong bases; o-dichlorobenzene, 1,2-dichloroethane. Corrosive to aluminum and its alloys. Attacks some plastics, rubber, and coatings.

Утилизация отходов

Incineration, preferably after mixing with another combustible fuel. Care must be exercised to assure complete combustion to prevent the formation of phosgene. An acid scrubber is necessary to remove the halo acids produced. Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≧100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal.