Мальтодекстрин

Описание

Maltodextins are purified, concentrated, nonsweet, nutritive carbohydrates made by hydrolyzing com starch. It occurs as a white, slightly hygroscopic powder, as granules of similar description, or as a clear to hazy solution in water. Powders or granules are freely soluble or readily dispersible in water. A solution of maltodextrin is characterized by a bland flavor, smooth mouthfeel, and short texture, and can partially or totally replace fat in a variety of formulations. Maltodextrins can also be used to replace fats in extruded high fiber cereals and snacks. Theyare currently used commercially for fat replacement in salad dressings, dips, margarine, and frozen desserts. As fat replacers, maltodextrins furnish only four calories per gram, while fats furnish nine calories per gram.

Химические свойства

Maltodextrin occurs as a nonsweet, odorless, white powder or granules. The solubility, hygroscopicity, sweetness, and compressibility of maltodextrin increase as the DE increases. The USP32– NF27 states that it may be physically modified to improve its physical and functional characteristics.

Использование

Maltodextrin is an oligosaccharide that is derived from starch. Maltodextrin is commonly used as a food additive and in the production of candies and sodas.

Методы производства

Maltodextrin is prepared by heating and treating starch with acid and/or enzymes in the presence of water. This process partially hydrolyzes the starch, to produce a solution of glucose polymers of varying chain length. This solution is then filtered, concentrated, and dried to obtain maltodextrin.

Общее описание

Maltodextrin is a saccharide polymer that can be classified as a carbohydrate. It can be produced by acid hydrolysis of the starch. The powdered material formed after purification and spray drying can be used in a variety of food and beverage products. It can be used as a good source of energy in food products with a value of 16 kJ/g.

Фармацевтические приложения

Maltodextrin is used in tablet formulations as a binder and diluent in both direct-compression and wet-granulation or agglomeration processes. Maltodextrin appears to have no adverse effect on the rate of dissolution of tablet and capsule formulations; magnesium stearate 0.5–1.0% may be used as a lubricant. It has been used as a carrier in a spray-dried redispersible oil-in-water emulsion to improve the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs.Maltodextrin may also be used as a tablet film former in aqueous film-coating processes. Maltodextrin grades with a high DE value are particularly useful in chewable tablet formulations.
Maltodextrin may also be used in pharmaceutical formulations to increase the viscosity of solutions and to prevent the crystallization of syrups. Therapeutically, maltodextrin is often used as a carbohydrate source in oral nutritional supplements because solutions with a lower osmolarity than isocaloric dextrose solutions can be prepared. At body osmolarity, maltodextrin solutions provide a higher caloric density than sugars.
Maltodextrin is also widely used in confectionery and food products, as well as personal care applications.

Профиль безопасности

When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.

Безопасность

Maltodextrin is a readily digestible carbohydrate with a nutritional value of approximately 17 kJ/g (4 kcal/g). In the USA, it is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) as a direct human food ingredient at levels consistent with current good manufacturing practices. As an excipient, maltodextrin is generally regarded as a nonirritant and nontoxic material.

хранилище

Maltodextrin is stable for at least 1 year when stored at a cool temperature (<30°C) and less than 50% relative humidity. Maltodextrin solutions may require the addition of an antimicrobial preservative.
Maltodextrin should be stored in a well-closed container in a cool, dry place.

Несовместимости

Under certain pH and temperature conditions maltodextrin may undergo Maillard reactions with amino acids to produce yellowing or browning. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

Регуляторный статус

GRAS listed. Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (oral tablets and granules). Included in nonparenteral medicines licensed in the UK. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients.